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30 September 2026, Volume 51 Issue 18 Previous Issue   
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New Energy Vehicle
Intelligent Connected Vehicle
Design and Research
Testing and Experiment
Automobile Education
Standards·Regulations·Management


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New Energy Vehicle

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Research on the heat dissipation performance of dual-channel liquid cooling plates under multiple operating conditions XIE Hao, ZHANG Yong, HUANG Kaiqi 2026, 51(18): 1-7,23.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1342KB) ( )   The temperature of lithium batteries rises during operation, especially under different working conditions. Prolonged operation in such a state will severely impair the service life and working performance of lithium batteries, and even lead to serious safety accidents. Therefore, thermal management of batteries is of crucial importance. As a mainstream heat dissipation method, liquid cooling is widely applied, and the flow channel structure determines the heat dissipation performance of liquid cooling plates. Conducting research on the structure of liquid cooling plates holds key value for promoting their optimal design and efficient application in the engineering field. Taking a certain type of power battery as the research object, this paper compares the heat dissipation performance of the traditional single-channel liquid cooling circuit with that of the dual-channel liquid cooling plate under the 3C rate working condition, investigates the heat dissipation performance of liquid cooling plates with pipe diameters of 3, 4, and 5 mm, and carries out verification under multiple working conditions. The results show that when the dual-channel liquid cooling plate is adopted with a coolant flow rate of 0.25 m/s and a pipe diameter of 4 mm, the maximum temperatures of the battery after discharge at 1C, 2C, and 3C are 27.12, 29.34, and 31.65 ℃ respectively, with a pressure drop of 1 440.08 Pa. This meets the operating temperature requirements of the battery and features a relatively stable pressure drop, which is conducive to improving the stability and service life of the liquid cooling plate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and verification of a power battery safety monitoring and interlock device XU Changzhao, MENG Fanzhao, SUN Xiuhe 2026, 51(18): 8-12.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (2322KB) ( )   This paper develops an experimental device for safety monitoring and interlock protection of a power battery system. A stainless-steel box is used to simulate a battery enclosure. Six temperature sensors are mounted on the six faces, and a film pressure sensor is installed on the side to emulate swelling or external compression. An external load can be connected to the output port, and the discharge current is monitored by a current sensor. A Mega 2560 controller with a 11.43 cm (4.5-inch) touch screen provides real-time display, threshold setting, and power-on self-check. When over-temperature, abnormal pressure, or over-current is detected, the device triggers a voice alarm and disconnects the output through a relay with fault latching. Tests on over-temperature, pressure step, and over-current confirm stable triggering and consistent protection actions. The device provides practical support for mechanism demonstration and protection strategy verification of traction battery safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on calibration method and device for electrical safety testing equipment of new energy vehicles WANG Junping1 , DI Jianhui2*, HU Xiaochen1 , GUO Ning2 2026, 51(18): 13-17.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1417KB) ( )   With the increasing number of new energy vehicles, vehicle accidents occur frequently. New energy vehicles electrical safety testing equipment is used to inspect electric shock prevention safety and charging safety of vehicles. The accuracy of its inspection data determines whether the safety performance of new energy vehicles can be correctly evaluated. This paper studies a calibration method for high-value and low-value resistors, calibrates the key technical parameters of electrical safety testing equipment, namely insulation resistance and potential equalization, and develops a calibration device. After testing and verification, the device meets the technical requirements for calibrating electrical safety testing equipment, solves the problem of data accuracy, and thus ensures the driving safety of new energy vehicles on the road. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the low rail pressure fault of the CNG intake system in the dual-fuel engine WANG Juan, ZHANG Xiaoyi, XU Jian, XU Guiping 2026, 51(18): 18-23.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (2159KB) ( )   This paper introduces the compressed natural gas (CNG) gas supply system of a dual-fuel engine and the structural principle of the pilot solenoid valve integrated on the pressure reducer assembly. Pressure sensors are added for monitoring, and INCA software is adopted to investigate the fault of low gas rail pressure after cold start of the CNG gas supply system for a vehicle engine. Monitoring data indicate that the closing of the solenoid valve is the direct cause of low gas rail pressure. By checking the rail pressure before engine start, micro-leakage in the system is confirmed. Analysis based on the pressure-building principle of the pilot solenoid valve shows that the root cause of the fault is system-which prevents rail pressure establishment prior to engine start. After engine start, vehicle load rises, stable pressure build-up fails beneath the solenoid valve, and the valve core closes under the action of gas force. Eliminating the leakage resolves the low gas rail pressure issue during cold start of the vehicle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Intelligent Connected Vehicle

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Research on riding comfort of autonomous vehicles based on neural network DONG Xuehua1 , WAN Huasen2 2026, 51(18): 24-28,71.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (2137KB) ( )   Aiming at the problems of prominent subjectivity in the ride comfort evaluation of autonomous vehicles on urban roads and insufficient engineering adaptability of quantitative models, this paper constructs a human-vehicle-road coupled evaluation index system, and conducts research on real-vehicle tests, machine learning modeling and the development of an automated evaluation system. Taking the second ring viaduct in Kunming as the test section, a multi-source data synchronous acquisition platform is built to obtain 3 672 sets of valid samples. The validity of the indexes is verified through reliability and correlation analysis, the ridge regression method is adopted to solve the multicollinearity of parameters and determine the index weights, and an optimized back propagation (BP) neural network evaluation model is constructed. An evaluation system is developed based on the hybrid programming of LabVIEW and MATLAB, with its functions and accuracy verified comprehensively. The results show that lateral acceleration is the core index affecting ride comfort, and the model achieves a classification accuracy of 82.45% for the five ride comfort grades. The research realizes the automation, standardization and visualization of ride comfort evaluation, and provides a core model and engineering tools for the optimal design, test and certification of the ride comfort of autonomous vehicles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Driver style recognition and application based on CAN bus parameters ZHANG Qi, ZHANG Quanfu, CUI Yongsen, HAO Jiasheng, WANG Jiwei 2026, 51(18): 29-33.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (820KB) ( )   With the rapid development of the automotive industry, the quantification and classification of driver behavior characteristics have become key factors in improving testing efficiency and driving safety. This paper proposes a driver style identification model that relies solely on raw vehicle dynamics data from the onboard controller area network (CAN) bus, without the need for additional sensors. By collecting key parameters such as vehicle speed, throttle opening, longitudinal and lateral acceleration, steering angle, and combining descriptive statistical analysis with interval distribution methods, driver behavior is clustered under three typical driving conditions: urban, highway, and mountain roads. The study results indicate that aggressive drivers have significantly higher acceleration standard deviation, proportion of extreme maneuvers, and steering frequency than stable and cautious drivers. By constructing a two-dimensional threshold system based on standard deviation and interval proportions, automated classification of driver styles can be achieved, with high accuracy. The model has been validated with actual fleet data, providing practical technical support for driver selection, safety warnings, and driving behavior interventions. This paper also points out the current model's limitations in complex road conditions and multi-vehicle adaptability, and suggests future improvements by introducing weight adaptive mechanisms and automatic condition recognition modules. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Design and Research

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Multi-objective cooperative control of active suspension systems based on TD3-PER DENG Pengyu 1,2 , LU Dang2 , GAO Xiong2 2026, 51(18): 34-42.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1674KB) ( )   To address the issues of low sample efficiency and insufficient multi-objective optimization in traditional deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for vehicle active suspension control, a twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm integrated with a prioritized experience replay (PER) mechanism (TD3-PER) is proposed. This algorithm significantly improves sample efficiency and accelerates policy convergence in high-dimensional state spaces by prioritizing high-value samples. Additionally, an adaptive weighted objective function combining vertical acceleration and pitch acceleration is designed to achieve coordinated optimization of multi-degree-of-freedom vibrations. Simulation experiments demonstrate that, under class C random road conditions, the TD3-PER algorithm reduces the root mean square (RMS) of vertical body acceleration by 38.79% and the RMS of pitch angular acceleration by 45.24% compared to passive suspension. Within a vehicle speed range of 20～120 km/h, the optimization rate for body acceleration ranges from 36.26% to 52.46%, and for pitch angular acceleration from 20.99% to 48.92%, with performance improving as road smoothness increases. The algorithm exhibits superior efficiency, robustness, and multi-objective optimization capabilities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on multi-objective performance parameter matching of automobile suspension GAO Zhipeng 2026, 51(18): 43-47,80.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1331KB) ( )   In order to reduce the influence of suspension vibration on ride comfort during vehicle driving and improve the adaptability of automobile driving on potholed roads, a three-dimensional software is used to build the vehicle model, and the contact relationship between the automobile and the road surface is established by importing it into Simcenter 3D software, and the dynamic process of the vehicle passing through the speed bump is simulated. Through the design of experiments (DOE) programming optimization test scheme, the response surface methodology is used to make multi-objective analysis on three evaluation indexes of suspension ride comfort, such as vertical acceleration, roll and pitch angular accelerations, so as to optimize the main influencing factors of suspension, such as suspension stiffness and damping value. After optimization, the values of the three evaluation indexes are reduced, and the ride comfort of the whole vehicle is significantly improved, which shows that the structural matching of suspension can be analyzed and studied by this method, which provides a basis for further analysis of suspension. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and experiments on active separation technology of friction plates QIU Jing, CHANG Fangpo 2026, 51(18): 48-52.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1231KB) ( )   To address the issues of high transmission loss caused by incomplete separation and uneven clearance of the friction pairs in wet multi-disc braking systems for forklifts, this study focuses on the friction plate separation mechanism. Based on the principle of the "minimum reasonable clearance", the brake return mechanism is optimized. A piston return friction-reducing and limiting scheme is developed to decrease frictional losses, and an active friction plate separation technology is proposed to achieve uniform separation clearances between friction pairs. Experiments are conducted to analyze the effects of the active separation mechanism and friction pair conditions on the current and efficiency of the forklift transmission system. The results indicate that the active separation mechanism significantly reduces current fluctuations during high-speed steady-state operation and improves transmission efficiency. For friction plates with a diameter of ?200 mm, a single friction pair clearance of 0.13 mm provides optimal transmission efficiency and braking responsiveness. Through the research and application of active friction plate separation technology,this study achieves reduced energy loss in the forklift transmission system and provides a reference for the design of similar wet multi-disc brakes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and research of aerodynamic kits for formula student racing cars XIE Jilian1 , WANG Qiangsheng2 2026, 51(18): 53-60.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2551KB) ( )   In the Formula Student China (FSC) competition, the development of aerodynamic kits is a key factor in race performance. In recent years, participating teams have significantly optimized the coefficient of lift (CL) of their aerodynamic kits. This paper presents the design and optimization of the aerodynamic package for the 2025 season race car of the FSC Mengsu Racing Team. The research first establishes core metrics, ensuring the kit's weight does not exceed 10% of the vehicle's total mass while moderately increasing the kit's volume to enhance downforce and aerodynamic efficiency. Next, the Profile software is used to select airfoil profiles, followed by 3D modeling in CATIA. The design solutions include extending the main wing chord length, increasing the number of flaps, and boosting the contribution weight of the diffuser to overall downforce. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model is then built using Star CCM+, simulating airflow under straight-line and multi-condition scenarios. Through key parameter analysis, the geometric model and meshing strategy are iteratively optimized. After finalization, the kit is manufactured using negative mold and mold closing processes to ensure surface quality meets aerodynamic requirements. The simulation indicates a significant increase in both the total downforce and the CCLa (the CL value after normalizing for frontal area) relative to earlier events, suggesting that this package improves the vehicle's cornering stability at high speeds. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of control system for automobile roll-over test bench LU Zhongkang, CHEN Weixia, ZHENG Tianhua, WANG Hang 2026, 51(18): 61-65.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (2483KB) ( )   To address the drawbacks of conventional automobile roll-over test benches, including aging hydraulic pipelines, low detection accuracy and delayed data processing, this paper conducts research on the development and application of a control system for a multi-functional automobile roll-over test bench. Integrating the mechanical bench, hydraulic system and measurement-control system, the system adopts a parallel hydraulic pipeline structure and a two-stage pressure-regulating circuit design, together with high-precision inclination and weighing sensors, to realize accurate detection for roll-over tests of vehicles up to 32 t, with a measured inclination accuracy of 0.1°. The test bench collects and analyzes vehicle roll angle, axle load and various state parameters in real time. Real-vehicle verification is carried out on a certain sport utility vehicle (SUV) model. The test results of left and right-hand vehicle roll-over show favorable repeatability, and the test conclusions comply with the requirements of Safety Specifications for Motor Vehicles Operating on Roads (GB 7258-2017). The retrofitting scheme of this control system possesses favorable engineering practicability and provides reliable data support for vehicle structural optimization design and safety performance evaluation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization study on low-frequency noise of automotive air conditioning systems YU Yi, SU Qihang, ZHANG Liang, XU Jiamin 2026, 51(18): 66-71.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (3625KB) ( )   This paper addresses the low-frequency booming noise issue complained by customers during the mass-production development phase of an automotive air conditioning project. A combined approach of experimental verification and simulation analysis was adopted to investigate the mechanism of this problem. First, experimental analysis is conducted to rule out the structural vibration of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning unit itself and the vibration transmitted along the transfer paths as the primary sources of the vehicle's low-frequency booming noise, thereby narrowing down the issue to the aerodynamic noise inside the heating, ventilation and air conditioning unit. Subsequently, simulation analysis is employed to identify the main noise sources as the backflow and vortex near the volute tongue at the volute outlet side. Accordingly, the system impedance is optimized to improve the fan operating point, and a rectification device is added to reduce backflow and vortex. Finally, the optimization scheme is verified through experimental tests, and the results demonstrated that the scheme significantly mitigated the low-frequency booming noise. The methods described in this paper can provide a reference for the optimization of noise issues in automotive air conditioning systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Testing and Experiment

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Research on CAE performance evaluation of chassis torsion beam and the impact of design parameters on performance LU Ruodong, ZHANG Jichao, DAI Jing 2026, 51(18): 72-80.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (3117KB) ( )   Torsion-beam semi-independent suspension represents one of the mainstream applications for passenger-car rear suspensions. The torsion-beam body bears combined bending-and torsion loads during vehicle operation under severe service conditions, and directly determines chassis performance and driving safety. Taking the torsion-beam rear suspension of a certain vehicle as the research object, this paper establishes a rigid-flexible coupled multi-body dynamics model to complete the K&C dynamic performance analysis of the suspension. Working-condition loads are extracted based on the multi-body dynamics model to carry out structural strength and modal computer-aided engineering (CAE) simulation evaluation for the torsion beam. With the equivalent beam model and Morphing shape-optimization method, this paper investigates the influence laws of torsion-beam design parameters on suspension K&C characteristics and structural strength. The results show that for the K&C roll-steer performance, increasing the opening angle of the torsion beam, changing the opening direction from forward to downward, moving forward the mounting position of components, optimizing the bending form of members and extending the length of the middle V-shaped section can effectively improve the roll-steer effect. Under the alternate wheel-hop strength condition of ±30 mm, increasing the contour dimension of the end-section relieves stress concentration, and structural performance exhibits high sensitivity to the wall-thickness parameter of the torsion beam under all strength conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of factors affecting the quality of Arplas welding technology and research and application of electrode dressing and cleaning technology ZOU Shangbo, LIU Shaoyin, GUO Dongdong, YAN Xudong 2026, 51(18): 81-86.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (4757KB) ( )   The Arplas welding process is widely used in the automotive manufacturing field, particularly for exterior parts such as body panels and side frames, owing to its advantages of low welding energy, small heat-affected zone, and minimal mechanical deformation. However, due to the specificity of this process, welding quality is susceptible to influences from embossing, electrodes, sheet lapping, etc., making the process stability difficult to control. Therefore, based on the Bosch 7000 servo welding system and medium-frequency direct current welding gun, this paper establishes the embossment standard through boss height tracking experiments, and investigates the relationship between parameters and spattering using orthogonal experiments to determine the optimal parameter range for qualified quality. Additionally, the effects of electrode life and embossing process on welding quality and spattering are studied. A micro high-precision electrode dressing technology is proposed, which, combined with electrode detection and wear compensation, significantly improved the stability of the welding process, reduced spattering, effectively extended electrode life, and enhanced Arplas welding stability. The micro high-precision electrode dressing and boss cleaning technologies are of significant guiding importance for the optimization of the Arplas welding process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the static, dynamic, and fatigue performance of second-order stiffness suspension springs FU Xiao1 , LU Chao2 2026, 51(18): 87-94,100.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (6111KB) ( )   This study aims to systematically evaluate the mechanical properties of the second-order stiffness suspension spring by combining finite element simulation with experimental validation, with a focus on quantifying its nonlinear characteristics and engineering applicability. A finite element model of the spring was established, on which static strength, static stiffness, modal, stability, elastoplastic and fatigue analyses were carried out in sequence. The results show that under the working load of 7 365 N, the maximum stress of the spring reaches 1 867 MPa with a relative error of 1.22% compared with the theoretical calculation value. The first-order stiffness is 64.49 N/mm and the second-order stiffness is 116.35 N/mm, with the relative errors both less than 5% in comparison with the experimental results. The permanent deformation of the spring is 0.49 mm, accounting for 0.21% of its free height, which is in good agreement with the experimental values (0.5 mm, accounting for 0.212%). Fatigue analysis predicts that the spring can withstand more than 1 million load cycles in the full load range of 340–7 365 N, and this conclusion is verified by bench tests. The analysis method established in this study features a general prediction error of less than 5% for all performance indicators, which can provide a quantitative basis for the design and application of variable stiffness suspension springs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Handling stability performance analysis and optimization study of passenger cars LI Yifan 2026, 51(18): 95-100.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1329KB) ( )   Handling stability directly affects vehicle safety and driving experience. To address issues identified in real-vehicle testing–including insufficient suspension support, excessive roll angle, delayed steering response, and poor steering returnability–this paper takes a specific passenger car as the research object. Based on the Controllability and Stability Test Method for Automotive Vehicles (GB/T 6323－2014), the handling stability-related parameters are calibrated through steady-state circular tests, steering wheel step input tests, steering returnability tests, and slalom tests. The suspension springs, shock absorbers, anti-roll bars, and steering system are identified as the optimization targets. Relevant parameters are adjusted, and the optimization effects were verified through repeated tests under identical conditions. The results show that the handling stability indicators are significantly improved. The optimization scheme proposed in this paper features low cost, short cycle time, and high versatility, which can provide a reference for the handling stability design and performance improvement of passenger cars and offer guidance for overall vehicle development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Automobile Education

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Exploration and practice of blended teaching methods in the Automobile Construction course LIU Zhiqiang, HUO Xiaojiao, ZHAO Liyu, WANG Ruixin, YANG Yu 2026, 51(18): 101-107.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (3532KB) ( )   As a core course for vehicle engineering majors, the Automobile Construction course is characterized by strong practicality and comprehensiveness. To address the challenges of its complex and highly integrated knowledge, limited class hours with rapid knowledge updates, and the disconnect between theory and practice, this paper conducts an exploration and practice of blended teaching methods guided by the outcome-based education (OBE) concept. A total of 82 students from two natural classes of the 2023 cohort majoring in vehicle engineering at Shanxi College of Technology are selected as research subjects. Through three core approaches– constructing a multidisciplinary knowledge integration system, designing flipped classroom teaching modules, and implementing project-driven teaching–an "online-offline-practice" trinity teaching model is established. The effectiveness is validated through course assessment, questionnaire surveys, and competency evaluations. Practice shows that after the blended teaching intervention, students' average course scores increased by 7.8% compared to the traditional teaching class; 93.5% of students believed that project-driven teaching enhanced their engineering practice and teamwork abilities; and 95.7% of students considered that this teaching model effectively improved their knowledge application ability and innovative thinking. The findings demonstrate that this blended teaching model can effectively address the pain points of course instruction and provide a replicable practical paradigm for the teaching reform of core engineering courses in application-oriented universities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice of applied innovation talent cultivation under the dual-drive mode of intelligent manufacturing training platform and discipline competitions LIU Chundong1 , WANG Bufei2 , LIU Lijuan1* , YANG Ya'nan1 , WANG Zhenxing1 2026, 51(18): 108-112.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (2732KB) ( )   In the context of the intelligent manufacturing era, a new training path driven by both the intelligent manufacturing training platform and the discipline competitions has been proposed in order to enhance the quality of applied innovation talent training in the vehicle engineering major. Firstly, a modular and highly realistic intelligent manufacturing training platform is established, and intelligent manufacturing training teaching projects are developed. Secondly, based on the platform,a five-part integrated discipline competition system of "foundation, pillar, beam, raft, and ridge" is constructed, and various forms of discipline competition activities are carried out. Thirdly, through the discipline competitions, experimental teaching projects are developed to achieve the integration of competition and teaching. After years of implementation, the results have been remarkable. The practical skills and innovation abilities of students in the vehicle engineering major have significantly improved, meeting the intelligent demands of the vehicle engineering field and the needs of regional industrial transformation and upgrading. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice of five-star teaching in Automotive Structure courses under the New Engineering Discipline perspective AN Haichao, FAN Ying, HAN Zhiqiang, ZHU Ranran 2026, 51(18): 113-119.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (2074KB) ( )   To advance the construction of the New Engineering Disciplines and address the shortcomings of traditional Automotive Structure courses, such as a lack of diversity in teaching methods, poor student engagement, and insufficient practical and forward-looking elements, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on student learning conditions, course content, teaching methodologies, and evaluation systems. The teaching content and methods are designed based on the principles of the five-star teaching, leading to the establishment of a curriculum ideological and political education system. The teaching of experiments and virtual simulations has been conducted at four levels: principle verification, hands-on practice, virtual simulation, and reflective reporting. This approach fully taps into students' potential and enhances their innovative development as well as future professional competencies. The development of a multi-dimensional assessment and evaluation system based on processes and competencies has been established to guide students in identifying gaps in their knowledge, thereby promoting comprehensive and balanced development. The practice has demonstrated that the reform and exploration of this course have effectively engaged students' initiative in learning, solidified their theoretical foundations, and significantly enhanced their hands-on skills, innovative thinking, and entrepreneurial abilities. This approach has exhibited strong applicability and effectiveness, providing crucial support for cultivating high-quality application-oriented technical talents that meet the demands of the new era. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice on the integration reform of "post-course-competition-certificate" for Automobile Maintenance and Servicing course under outcome-oriented SU Shijian, CHEN Baofan, LI Wei, ZHOU Huan, XIONG Siqin 2026, 51(18): 120-125,144.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1238KB) ( )   The automotive industry's shift toward electrification, intelligent technologies, and connectivity has placed new demands on the cultivation of technical and skilled personnel in the automotive aftermarket. In response to problems in the Automobile Maintenance and Servicing course at higher vocational colleges, including insufficient alignment between course objectives and job requirements, outdated teaching content, limited teaching approaches, and an incomplete evaluation system, this study is guided by outcome-based education (OBE) and adopts an outcomeoriented curriculum reconstruction approach. It proposed a teaching reform plan integrating job positions, courses, competitions, and certificates, and implemented it in teaching practice. The results show that after the reform, students' average scores in practical assessments improved, their learning engagement and compliance with operational standards are enhanced, their comprehensive task completion ability is strengthened, and course satisfaction is high. The reform promotes the achievement of course objectives, improves students' ability to perform standardized operations and complete comprehensive tasks, and enhances their professional competence. This study may provide a reference for the teaching reform of automotive courses in higher vocational colleges. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovation and exploration of teaching in automotive specialized courses empowered by artificial intelligence －A case study of the Engine Principles course HUANG Lili1 , LIU Xiaobin1* , WANG Song2 , YIN Xinquan1 , LIU Yongtao3 , ZHAO Gengyun1 2026, 51(18): 126-130.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (2104KB) ( )   In response to the multiple predicaments faced by traditional automotive-related professional course teaching, such as the disconnection between theory and practical application,the slow timeliness of teaching resources, outdated versions of internship and training equipment, and insufficient cultivation of students' innovative thinking abilities,this article forms a course knowledge graph by reconstructing the teaching elements of automotive professional courses based on the empowerment of artificial intelligence (AI), and decomposes the complex elements of courses into sub-tasks with the technology of large-scale artificial intelligence models. To cultivate comprehensively and systematically students' abilities in the knowledge domain, personalized development and innovative consciousness by adopting a task-driven approach with the support of digital teaching platforms and AI-assisted teaching systems, forming a teaching model of "digital platform+AI empowerment+task-driven". Based on the comprehensive assessment results of three cohorts of students before and after the reform of the Engine Principle course, it can be seen that the teaching reform of this course has achieved remarkable and positive effects. Compared with the situation before the reform, it has achieved significant achievements in multiple dimensions, precisely adapted to the talent cultivation and the demand for automotive industry talents, and provided continuous talent support for the high-quality development of the automotive industry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Standards·Regulations·Management

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Identification and forecasting of freezing rain hazards on expressways YAO Yongfeng1 , CHAI Naijie2 , DONG Jiaqi2 , SHI Linjing2 2026, 51(18): 131-137.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1785KB) ( )   To ensure vehicle operation safety under freezing rain conditions and improve the capability of pavement condition identification and risk early warning for expressways under freezing rain hazards, this paper takes the Xihan Section of the Beijing-Kunming Expressway as the research object. By integrating road environmental characteristics, meteorological characteristics and pavement monitoring data, an XGBoost-based identification model for freezing rain hazards is constructed, in which pavement conditions are classified into five categories: dry, wet, snow-covered, icy, and freezing rain. Through integrated analysis of meteorological elements, road environment and pavement condition data, intelligent identification and prediction of pavement conditions under different hazardous weather conditions are realized. The results show that the overall accuracy,weighted F1-score and area under curve (AUC) of the model reach 0.910 2, 0.912 0 and 0.932 6 respectively, demonstrating favorable performance in identifying freezing rain conditions. Analysis indicates that temperature, humidity, altitude and precipitation are the primary factors affecting freezing rain formation. High-risk areas are mainly concentrated in sections such as high-altitude bridges, long steep longitudinal slopes and tunnel exits, with higher risks from nighttime to early morning. The research findings can provide a reference for freezing rain hazard monitoring, risk early warning for key road sections and traffic safety management of expressways. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term car sales forecasting based on BP neural network time series forecasting research HE Yuyang, YU Chunping 2026, 51(18): 138-144.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.018.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (1238KB) ( )   This paper addresses the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of automotive sales time series by proposing a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM)-based method for the back propagation (BP) neural network prediction model. Using a company's car sales data spanning 45 consecutive weeks as the research subject, a sliding window technique is applied to construct sample pairs with 5- dimensional inputs and 1-dimensional outputs. Min-Max normalization is used to eliminate dimensional impacts, and a three-layer BP network structure (5-8-1) is designed and implemented via MATLAB 7.0 for model training. Experimental results show that the model achieved the target error, the mean squared error is 5.07659e-007 in the 31st iteration. The test set's mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is only 0.05%, with absolute prediction errors consistently below 0.6 vehicles. This significantly outperforms similar multivariate long short-term memory (LSTM) prediction models (MAPE=3.73%) and system dynamics (SD) prediction models (MAPE=0.22% to 1.83%). The model effectively captures the intrinsic patterns of sales sequences, providing high- precision decision-making support for corporate production planning, inventory management, and marketing strategy formulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics