For the matching design of the electric drive system for the formula student electric China (FSEC) racing car, this paper by a way that combines theoretical calculations with vehicle dynamics simulation to match a set of motor, motor controller, and battery pack that can achieve the target performance parameters of the vehicle. Using OptimumLap software, a racing car and track model is built, and the simulation shows that the best transmission ratio is 3.95. CarSim software is used for vehicle dynamics simulation, and a racing car model is built based on the relevant parameters obtaines from theoretical calculations. Simulation show that the time for 0－75 m straight-line acceleration is 5.24 s, and the state of charge (SOC) of the power battery after a 22 km endurance race is 22%, which meets the design requirements. This set of FSEC racing car electric drive system matching design is reasonable.

To meet the rapid charging requirements of new energy vehicle and achieve seamless switching between different voltage levels charge, a charging circuit control strategy for battery electric vehicle has been proposed in this paper based on the charging principles of electric vehicle and the technical characteristics of current charging systems. This control strategy employs fuzzy control and intelligent optimization techniques, and its feasibility has been validated through the establishment of mathematical models and simulation analysis. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of this method in power factor correction. Additionally, the total harmonic distortion (THD) content is only 3.37%, which well meets the requirements for harmonics.

Aiming at problems such as insufficient flux-weakening control precision and limited speed regulation range in electric vehicle drive motors during operation, this paper proposes a fluxweakening control strategy based on a passive observer for the drive motor to enhance the operational performance and stability of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) over a wide speed range. The method utilizes a passive observer to achieve accurate estimation of the motor's rotor angle and speed, and on this basis, applies a voltage feedback method for fluxweakening control to extend the motor's speed range. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively expand the motor's speed regulation range up to 3.2 times the base speed, while improving the dynamic response performance of the system without compromising estimation accuracy and stability, achieving the expected outcomes.

With the significant reduction in operating noise of powertrains in new energy vehicles (including hybrid, extended-range, and pure electric types), the abnormal noise issue of vibrationdamping rubber components has become increasingly prominent in such vehicles. Through longterm research, a set of mechanism analysis and test verification methods for the abnormal noise of vibration-damping rubber components has been summarized. The process is as follows: first, collect the original signals under abnormal noise road conditions on the entire vehicle, then analyze the abnormal noise transmission path, and subsequently use digital signal processing and high-pass filtering technology to convert these signals into bench simulation test conditions. This enables the reproduction of abnormal noise phenomena consistent with those on the entire vehicle, thereby accurately identifying the root cause of abnormal noise and formulating solutions. This research integrates theoretical analysis and measured data, providing practical theoretical guidance for solving the abnormal noise problem of vibration-damping rubber components in new energy vehicles.

There is a huge functional system in intelligent cockpit system, and the functional points are relatively scattered. Designing an effective evaluation model has great application value in the iteration and software releasing of intelligent cockpit. This article conducts a depth study of cockpit evaluation methods from several dimensions, including function disassembly in the intelligent cockpit, evaluation model design, test plan formulation, and practical application of the model, and provides a feasible evaluation plan. The intelligent cockpit is divided into six functional modules: cockpit control, vision, intelligent assisted driving interaction, entertainment and navigation, intelligent voice, and system applications. The cockpit functions are evaluated from five dimensions: functionality, performance/stability, user experience, compatibility, and safety. A combination of two-dimensional and one-dimensional weights is used to score each subdivided functional point, and finally the overall score of the cockpit is calculated.

The partial closure of bidirectional two-lane work zones often creates bottleneck delays, reducing road capacity. In order to improve the traffic efficiency of the two-way double-lane half-closed operation area, alleviate the vehicle delay on the road section, and give full play to the control advantages of intelligent connected vehicles (ICV), a speed guidance model is designed based on the improved TD3 algorithm, which enables ICV to pass through the signal port at high speed, with low delay and no stop. First, a signal timing method for bidirectional two-lane work zones is designed using the Webster model. Second, technical improvements to the TD3 algorithm are implemented: hybrid weighted averaging is introduced to mitigate Q-value overestimation bias, and a StepLR scheduler is integrated to optimize learning rate sensitivity. Third, the model’s state pace, action space, and reward function are systematically formulated. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the proposed model effectively guides most ICVs to arrive at intersections during green phases and execute alternating lane maneuvers under mixed traffic flows with varying ICV market penetration rates and traffic volumes. This work provides a novel framework for optimizing traffic operations in dual-lane work zones under mixed ICV-human driving conditions.

This paper introduces the design optimization and working principle of the braking system for formula student electric China (FSEC) racing cars. In order to maintain good braking energy efficiency under extreme conditions of emergency braking and continuous braking of racing cars, corresponding calculations are carried out on each component of the braking system, and though the ANSYS static simulation analysis to ensure the stability of the braking system assembly. At the same time, it also has good human-machine engineering design to ensure that the driver maintains a good driving state for a long time during high-intensity driving. Research has shown that the optimized brake base plate assembly equipped with a fast adjustable mechanism based on gas springs can ensure braking stability while also allowing for rapid and stepless adjustment of the brake base plate without disassembling the front of the vehicle. Finally, the system is assembled on the 10th vehicle of the Wanda electric fleet at Liaoning University of Technology to verify the feasibility of the design. This research result can provide reference for the design of subsequent racing car braking system, improve the stability of racing braking, make it lightweight, and enhance racing car performance.

This paper focuses on the design and optimization of a four-wheel drive (4WD) transmission system for Baja racing vehicles operating in complex off-road environments. By analyzing the typical working conditions and performance requirements of Baja vehicles, an integrated system design scheme combining the main reducer and limited-slip differential is proposed, encompassing the layout of transmission routes and mechanisms, as well as parameter selection and structural design of key components. Based on the vehicle design parameters of the Baja car, the transmission ratio of the main reducer is preliminarily determined and further optimized using OptimumLap software to achieve optimal performance. Finite element analysis through ANSYS software is conducted to simulate and validate the reliability of critical components such as gears and reducer housings. This research provides valuable reference for the design and optimization of transmission systems in Baja racing vehicles.

The McPherson suspension, one of the most widely used independent suspensions in automobiles, features complex free-form surfaces and a multi-component structure, making it a typical research object in the field of reverse engineering. This paper proposes a complete digitalization pathway for the McPherson suspension. Firstly, reverse engineering technology is employed to realize the geometric reconstruction of the McPherson independent suspension, converting physical objects into visualizable surfaces and constructing a 3D mesh model of the McPherson suspension. Subsequently, a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is used to compare the key dimensions of the 3D mesh model, verifying the model accuracy. This paper not only generates the "digital drawings" of the McPherson suspension using 3D scanning and Geomagic Studio software but also demonstrates, through finite element analysis (FEA), the direct application value of this reverse design as the cornerstone of the "digital twin" in subsequent performance verification, topology optimization, and additive manufacturing. It provides a detailed methodological reference for the digitalization of such complex components.

With the continuous introduction and independent development of truck technologies, customer demands for fuel efficiency, emission reduction, and lightweight vehicle design are growing steadily. The new sheet-type lateral thrust rod stands as a crucial component in heavy-duty truck chassis suspension systems. Primarily designed to suppress body roll and enhance handling stability, this parallel-arranged component works with an integrated balance shaft to significantly improve the chassis's torsional resistance. The redesigned configuration delivers notable weight reduction while maintaining performance, featuring advantages such as simplified structure, streamlined manufacturing processes, cost control, and convenient transportation and storage requirements.

In formula student China (FSC), the transmission mechanism typically utilizes a gearbox integrated within the engine. To achieve lightweight and integrated design of the shifting mechanism, this study designs an electric shift system centered on a servo mechanism, combining mechanical and electronic control units, based on the team's practical experience with shift systems. The mechanical structure is designed and modeled using CATIA software, enabling shift operation through servodriven control of the shift lever. Compared to manual and electro-pneumatic shift systems, the servo shift mechanism offers advantages such as reduced weight, high integration, and ease of maintenance, making it particularly suitable for FSC. This technology not only further enhances the lightweight performance of the vehicle but also provides new insights for the research and innovative design of shift systems.

In order to improve the torque limit of spline usage and reduce the risk of spline shaft torsion and fracture under high torque, a verification method combining theoretical calculation and experimentation is proposed. Firstly, according to the theoretical formula, the program is written to calculate the strength of the spline and the fatigue life of the shaft torsion. The spline life is combined with the fatigue life of the shaft torsion for verification, and the design meets the requirements of the load spectrum. Then, the torsional fatigue limit torque of the axle shaft head is explored, and the metallographic structure, hardness, and material composition of the spline section are analyzed to verify that the spine shaft material is qualified. This article proposes for the first time to consider spline shafts as shaft components with shaft shoulders. The research results provide a basis for product structural design and improvement, and have important reference value.

With the development of new chassis technologies, vehicle handling is becoming increasingly automated, making the boundary analysis and constraints of stability more crucial. This paper establishes dynamic equations based on nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom and three-degreeof-freedom vehicle models. It analyzes lateral stability using the phase planes of sideslip angle at the center of mass and yaw rate from each model, clarifies the advantages of nonlinear high-order models in stability analysis results, and provides a theoretical boundary for integrated chassis control.

The design objectives are determined based on the functional and performance requirements of the active return spring plate for automotive brake calipers. Core characteristic parameters are extracted using theoretical calculation formulas, and parametric modeling and simulation analysis are conducted in accordance with these characteristic parameters to output the target clamping force and active return force of the spring plate. The article completes the design of the spring plate following the design method, then manufactures prototypes and conducts simulation verification. It compares and analyzes the results of the prototype test simulation verification with the simulation results, optimizes the characteristic parameters, and finally summarizes and refines a design process method for the active return spring plate of automotive brake calipers. This process provides methodological support for the design of the key component (spring plate). By adopting the analytical method combining simulation and test, it realizes the parameterization of structural characteristics, provides technical support for suppressing brake abnormal noise and reducing drag, and is of great significance for the optimal design, performance improvement and reliability assurance of the spring plate.

The howling noise of vehicle oil pump has multiple orders and a relatively wide frequency range, get the driver's attention. In order to study the subjective and objective evaluation methods for multi-order howling and the effectiveness of control schemes, the corresponding analysis of subjective and objective evaluations is carried out for the order howling noise of vane-type mechanical oil pump at different frequencies. And an optimization scheme is proposed based on the generation mechanism of the order howling noise of mechanical oil pump. Ultimately, it is concluded that the difference method between order noise and background noise at different frequencies can accurately evaluate the order noise level of mechanical oil pump. The main reason for the order noise of oil pump in vehicle is the insufficient anti-foaming performance of the oil pump's oil. By adding an anti-foaming agent with silicon to optimize the oil pump's oil, the noise problem of mechanical oil pumps is optimized. Subjective evaluation of the improved oil pump noise, in combination with objective difference data, further validates the rationality of the difference method between order noise and background noise at different frequencies.

In response to the issues of fatigue life failure and fracture of components such as pins, cables, and support plates during the product development and validation process of a certain type of parking brake, this study conducted failure analysis and optimization improvements. Through methods including fracture analysis, metallographic examination, hardness testing, and stress calculation, the pin is identified as the critical component causing early failure of the brake. Analysis reveal that the pin, due to insufficient strength, experienced wear and loosening during testing, leading to fatigue fracture. The loosening of the pin further increased the stress on the support plate, altered the force direction on the cable, and significantly elevated the bending stress at the cable lock head, resulting in fracture. Ultimately, these issues caused the overall lifespan of the brake to fall below the design target. Based on the failure mechanism, the material and strength of the pin are optimized, and the structural design of the cable lock head is improved, effectively enhancing the operational stability of the brake and reducing stress concentration. After targeted improvements, the lifespan of the brake is significantly increased. This study provides valuable engineering insights and theoretical reference for failure prevention, performance enhancement, and testing standard improvement of similar components during the research and development phase.

In recent years, competition in the passenger vehicle market has become increasingly intense, and aesthetic design has emerged as a critical factor influencing the sales of popular models. Overall vehicle height serves as an important design variable in shaping a sporty and low-profile styling. Based on a forward ergonomic development approach, this study analyzes mainstream second-row battery electric passenger vehicles, such as sedans and sport utility vehicles (SUV), using the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard human model as a layout tool to define occupant postures while ensuring ergonomic comfort. Furthermore, the study systematically elaborates on the dimensional influencing factors in the vehicle height direction through three pathways, with a focus on 11 key factors in the dimensional chain related to the rear H-point. It proposes a decomposition strategy for the Z-direction dimensions from the rear heel point to the upper shell of the power battery, as well as for the rear roof slope based on styling aesthetics. By meeting ergonomic performance requirements such as rear occupant seating comfort and headroom, this research provides systematic and practical engineering methods for setting vehicle height targets and achieving precise control over height dimensions.

To investigate the performance characteristics of cylinder gas pressure under instantaneous speed of automotive internal combustion engines, Weichai WP10.336E53 diesel engine is selected as the experimental object. By synchronously collecting the cylinder pressure and speed signals of the diesel engine, and using the crankshaft connecting rod dynamic model and Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm to invert the cylinder pressure, the system analyze the characteristics of cylinder gas pressure under different speed and load conditions. The average pressure in the cylinder increased significantly with the increase of speed, from 12.5 MPa at 750 r/min to 20.5 MPa at 1 950 r/min (an increase of 64%), but the pressure fluctuation range expands, indicating a decrease in combustion stability under high-speed conditions. At 1 150 r/min, when the load increases from 25% to 75%, the peak pressure increases by 27%, which is much higher than the effect of simply increasing the speed. This indicates that there is a strong correlation between speed fluctuations (±15 r/min) and cylinder pressure changes, and the cylinder pressure will show significant overshoot or insufficiency under transient operating conditions.

Aiming at the problems of strong scene dependence and poor real-time performance in traditional vehicle detection methods, a front vehicle recognition system based on YOLOv7 deep learning model is proposed. Firstly, the limitations of traditional vehicle detection methods are analyzed, including two types of methods based on image processing technology and feature extraction. Then, it introduces the theoretical basis of deep learning, focusing on the system framework of YOLOv7 model. Finally, it carried out experiments on COCO data set. The results show that the average accuracy of YOLOv7 model in vehicle recognition task reaches 69.7%, which significantly improves the detection accuracy and real-time performance compared with traditional methods. This study provides an effective technical solution for vehicle detection in intelligent transportation systems.

Due to limited cabin space and interior design requirements, the radiation surface of vehicle-mounted speakers is often partially obstructed, which can lead to a front cavity effect when severe, significantly impairing sound reproduction. This study investigates how different radiation areas affect speaker characteristics. The research begins with theoretical analysis of radiation area's impact on speaker performance, followed by practical comparisons of frequency responses under standard laboratory conditions. Finally, subjective listening tests are conducted to evaluate the effects of varying radiation areas on music playback quality. Results demonstrate that smaller grille radiation areas cause more pronounced energy loss due to the front cavity effect, with affected frequency ranges closer to human ear sensitivity zones and more noticeable perceptible impacts. The findings provide valuable references for optimizing speaker layout and radiation area selection during automotive product development.

Vehicle-mounted UV sterilization, with core advantages such as high-efficiency sterilization and intelligent disinfection, is gradually becoming a core configuration for high-end vehicle models and healthy vehicle cabins. This study takes vehicle-mounted UV sterilization devices as the core research object, adopts the single-factor analysis method, and systematically explores the inactivation effect of different UV emission powers (10, 20, 30 W) and irradiation durations (2, 5, 10 min) on bacteria on the surface of car armrest boxes. Meanwhile, it introduces genetically engineered Escherichia coli MC4100/pTGM (containing green fluorescent protein gene) as the indicator bacterium, induces the expression of fluorescent protein through tetracycline hydrochloride, and constructs a visual detection system for the sterilization effect of vehicle-mounted UV. Results show that vehicle-mounted UV radiation can significantly reduce the fluorescent intensity and viable bacteria concentration of bacteria on the surface of armrest boxes, and the bacterial inactivation rate shows an obvious upward trend with the increase of UV emission power and irradiation duration. When the UV emission power is 30 W and the irradiation duration reaches 10 min, the Escherichia coli on the surface of armrest boxes achieves 100% inactivation. Further analysis indicates that there is a highly linear correlation between bacterial fluorescent intensity and viable bacteria concentration (R 2 =0.99), which fully verifies that the visual detection method adopted in this study has good accuracy and feasibility. In conclusion, this study not only clarifies the influence law of key parameters (power, duration) of vehicle-mounted UV sterilization devices on the inactivation of bacteria in armrest boxes, but also provides a sensitive, low-cost and visual technical scheme for the in-situ evaluation of vehicle-mounted UV sterilization effect, which can provide references for the technical optimization and standard formulation of healthy vehicle cabins.

An optimization study on electronic diagnosis is carried out to address the issue of the first activation failure of the fuel diagnosis module of tank leakage (DMTL) for vehicles with National VI emission standards during the vehicle's off-line electrical inspection. The research aims to address the diagnostic timeout anomalies caused by new software through software algorithm reconfiguration, while avoiding additional hardware modifications and production costs. By deeply analyzing the diagnostic logs, three innovative repair solutions are proposed: preloading for pre-order detection, dynamic switching of relays, and intelligent reset of the electronic control unit (ECU), and a multidimensional evaluation model is constructed. After verification by real vehicles, the ECU reset method achieves an 85% success rate for the first repair and a 100% success rate for the second repair while maintaining the integrity of the original diagnostic logic, and only increases the detection time by 30 s. This solution has been packaged into a standard software package and applied to the production line, reducing the per-vehicle repair time by 45%. The research results not only solve the mass production adaptation problem of the DMTL system, but also the software dynamic compensation strategy proposed by it provides a new method for the online diagnosis and optimization of automotive ECUs, which has significant engineering value for improving the reliability of the vehicle's emission system.

In response to current issues in vocational education such as unsatisfactory learning outcomes, insufficient development of individual strengths, lack of motivation, low learning quality, poor participation, and limited interest among students, this study proposes integrating virtual simulation and innovative elements into both theoretical and practical teaching. A "theoreticalvirtual-practical-innovative collaborative integration" classroom teaching model is constructed and implemented throughout the entire teaching process. This approach aims to create divergent learning scenarios that stimulate students' independent thinking and learning interest. Using the New Energy Vehicle Technology course as a case study, the teaching model is applied in practice. A comparative analysis of results before and after implementation showed a significant improvement in students' overall academic performance, a more comprehensive mastery and application of theoretical knowledge, increased flexibility in applying practical skills, and innovative awareness has been significantly enhanced.

To continuously strengthen the objectives and norms of talent training and optimize the curriculum system and structure, the present paper takes the new energy vehicle engineering specialty of Jianghan University as its research object, focusing on the problem of curriculum system construction under the perspective of industry-education integration. The paper systematically explores the path of curriculum system construction for new energy vehicle engineering, with a view to integrating industry and education. The study focuses on the two dimensions of core curriculum setting and construction, and puts forward ideas and strategies for the optimization and implementation of the construction of professional curriculum systems. The study demonstrates that deepening the breadth and depth of school-enterprise cooperation and carrying the concept of industry-education integration through the whole process of curriculum construction is pivotal to cultivating high-quality applied talents that align with industry needs.

To implement the strategic requirement of "leveraging educational digitization to pioneer new development pathways" outlined in the Outline for Building a Leading Educational Nation, this paper addresses three critical challenges in current autonomous driving education in higher education institutions–technological obsolescence, lack of practical training, and disconnection between industry and academia–by proposing the Apollo-X intelligent driving education ecosystem. This ecosystem, based on Baidu's Apollo platform, integrates an "open platform+curriculum system+industrial scenarios" framework. Adopting a three-dimensional model of "simulation-based teaching+real vehicle validation+industrial collaboration," the ecosystem combines Apollo's autonomous driving simulation toolkit with the robot operating system (ROS)-based smart vehicle platform. It features a cross-platform algorithm migration framework and a digital twin teaching environment, enabling end-to-end talent development from theoretical learning and simulation exercises to real-vehicle testing and industrial implementation. Practical results demonstrate that the ecosystem has been deployed in over 50 universities nationwide, supporting the development of 20+ standardized course modules and incubating 100+ student innovation projects. It has achieved an 83% reduction in experimental teaching costs, a 340% improvement in resource utilization efficiency, and a 60% shortening of faculty training cycles. These outcomes have significantly enhanced students' engineering competencies and industry readiness, establishing a replicable paradigm for cultivating next-generation talent in intelligent transportation and advancing the digital transformation of education.

In the context of the construction of new engineering disciplines and the collaborative cultivation of ideological and political education in the curriculum, this article takes the Automotive Electronic Control Technology course as a carrier to explore the deep integration of professional education and ideological and political education. By constructing the teaching objectives of "knowledge+ability+ideological and political education", exploring the ideological and political elements of the curriculum, extracting 12 secondary ideological and political points, and establishing a case library of ideological and political education in the curriculum. Optimize theoretical teaching design and establish an online and offline interactive ideological and political teaching model. Strengthening the spirit of craftsmanship and innovation in practical teaching, and extending ideological and political education from in class to outside of class. Establish a comprehensive evaluation system for the effectiveness of ideological and political education in courses guided by results. The curriculum ideological and political teaching plan that ultimately forms patriotism, scientific spirit, and personal qualities as the ideological and political goals. After multiple rounds of teaching practice, the effectiveness of ideological and political education in the curriculum has been effectively improved.

This paper grounds in the perspective of industry-education integration, and focuses on the structural contradiction between supply and demand caused by the accelerated technological iteration in the new energy vehicle industry and the lagging adaptability of vocational education. It conducts an empirical investigation using the reform practices of secondary vocational education in Fujian Province as a typical case. The research reveals three major misalignment issues within the province's new energy vehicle programs: a 3～5 year generational gap in teaching content, 73% of training platforms lacking intelligent connected vehicle modules, and less than 20% enterprise participation rate in cultivating "dual-qualified" teachers. Aiming to enhance educational adaptability, the study constructs a collaborative talent development mechanism characterized by a "threedimensional ability model+four-stage practical training system+dual-track teacher mechanism." Through technological innovations such as ANSYS digital twin simulations and Vector CANoe fault simulation, diagnostic error rates are reduced by 40%. Relying on the dual-track system involving resident enterprise engineers in schools and teachers entering enterprises, the proportion of "dual-qualified" teachers is increased to 65%. Empirical data show that under this collaborative mechanism, pilot schools saw a 28% increase in student skill competition award rates, an 87% rate of employment in relevant fields, and a 57% reduction in enterprise training cycles. The research outcomes provide a replicable practical model for resolving the challenge of aligning vocational education with industrial upgrading, effectively demonstrating the feasibility of dynamically matching educational adaptability with industrial demands.