Abstract: The objective of this paper is to address the challenges posed by the elevated energy consumption and carbon emissions of hydraulic excavators. To this end, a novel adjustable energy-saving robotic arm has been designed. This robotic arm is based on the principle of leverage, and its structure has been innovatively designed through the use of three-dimensional modeling software. The design incorporates a telescopic counterweight device, and it has been developed to reduce the demand for driving force of the hydraulic cylinder by leveraging the torque balance relationship. The analysis indicates that when the telescopic counterweight device is extended by 400 mm and the counterweight is set at 400 kg, a substantial energy savings is achieved, with a maximum force reduction of 10.673% (base load of 20 000 N) and a maximum daily fuel savings of 3.34 L. Static and dynamic analyses based on ANSYS Workbench demonstrate that the maximum equivalent force is lower than the permissible value under the ultimate working condition. This verifies the stability and load-bearing capacity of the structure under the influence of static load and inertia force. Furthermore, it provides a new solution for the energy-saving design of construction machinery.

Key words: energy-saving robotic arm; mechanical structure; stress-strain; static and dynamic analysis

摘要： 针对液压挖掘机能耗高、碳排放量大的问题，文章设计了一种基于杠杆原理的可调节 式节能机械臂，通过三维建模软件对斗杆结构进行创新设计，集成伸缩配重装置，利用力矩 平衡关系降低液压缸驱动力需求。当伸缩配重装置伸出长度为 400 mm、配重为 400 kg 时，得 到显著节能效果，最大力节省率为 10.673%（基准载荷为 20 000 N），最大日节油量为 3.34 L。 基于 ANSYS Workbench 的静动态分析显示，极限工况下最大等效应力低于许用值，验证了结 构在静态载荷和受惯性力影响下的稳定性与承载能力，为工程机械节能设计提供了新方案。

关键词: 节能机械臂；机械结构；应力-应变；静动态分析