Abstract: Under high-temperature exposure conditions, the thermal load of the cabin increases significantly, leading to elevated air conditioning cooling energy consumption and subsequently impacting the vehicle's high-temperature driving range. Therefore, this study takes a specific vehicle model as the research object. Through detailed analysis of the cabin heat transfer paths, a high-precision thermal model of the cabin based on AMESim was developed. This study aims to reveal the impact laws of insulation schemes on the cabin's thermal load, the net heat gain and temperature rise of key components and air, as well as the air cooling rate. The results indicate that the glass contributes significantly to cabin heat, accounting for 49.05% of the heat transfer into the vehicle. With silvered glass, the windshield transmitted heat is reduced by 45.9%. In addition, the combined heat insulation schemes can significantly reduce the heat transfer in the car, reduce the maximum temperature of the components by 16.1 ℃, and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning by 0.32 kWh when the temperature drops to 26 ℃. These results provide theoretical basis and technical support for the optimization of thermal management of the crew cabin.

Key words: cabin; one-dimensional model; thermal load; thermal insulation performance; cooling performance

摘要： 高温暴晒工况下整车的乘员舱热负荷显著增加，导致空调降温能耗上升，进一步影响 整车高温续航里程。因此，文章以某款车型为研究对象，通过详细的乘员舱传热路径分析， 建立基于 AMESim 的乘员舱热仿真模型，揭示隔热方案对乘员舱关键部件、舱内空气的净得 热量及温升，以及乘员舱空气降温速率的影响规律。研究表明，前风窗玻璃对乘员舱热量贡 献显著，其向车内传热量占比可达 49.05%。采用镀银玻璃后，前风窗透射热量降低 45.9%， 组合隔热方案能显著降低车内传热量，使部件最高温度降低 16.1 ℃，并在降温至 26 ℃时空 调能耗降低 0.32 kWh，这些研究成果为优化乘员舱热管理提供了理论依据和技术支持。

关键词: 乘员舱；一维模型；热负荷；隔热性能；降温性能