Abstract: With the increasing demand for smart connected vehicle controllers, the traditional 12 V system has reached its theoretical power load limit and faces the issue of excessive wiring harness weight. To address the power limit and wiring harness weight bottlenecks, this study focuses on researching an electrical architecture based on a 48 V power supply. Using theoretical research and bench testing methods, it systematically analyzes the impact of the 48 V system on wiring harness losses, weight, and driving energy consumption. By comparing the effects of single low-voltage, dual low-voltage, and dual low-voltage battery solutions on various systems, the optimal 48 V electrical architecture is selected. Through analysis of the 48 V system's wiring harness cross-sectional area, power losses, and weight, the study demonstrates that the 48 V domain control architecture can significantly reduce wiring harness diameter and losses while lightening the overall vehicle weight.

Key words: passenger car; electrical architecture; domain controller; 48 V system; wiring harness optimization

摘要： 随着智能网联汽车控制器需求的不断增加，传统 12 V 系统已达到理论负载功率极限， 且面临线束质量超标问题，为破解功率极限和线束超重瓶颈，研究围绕基于 48 V 供电的电气 架构开展研究，采用理论研究和台架验证的方法，通过系统阐述 48 V 系统对线束损耗、线束 质量和行驶能耗的影响，对比分析单低压方案，双低压方案和双低压蓄电池方案对各系统的 影响，选择最优 48 V 电气架构方案，通过分析 48 V 系统线束截面积、功率损耗和线束质量。 研究证明，48 V 域控制器架构可以显著减少线束直径和损耗，减轻整车质量。

关键词: 乘用车；电气架构；域控制器；48 V 系统；线束优化