Abstract: To improve the fatigue reliability of the rear-mounted battery frame structure of a new energy electric tractor, this paper conductes fatigue life assessment and bench test research based on a typical road load spectrum. Firstly, load data are collected on various typical road surfaces in a proving ground and analyzed in time domain, frequency domain, and via rainflow counting to construct representative working conditions. Subsequently, a finite element model is established to perform fatigue simulation and evaluate structural damage under different road conditions. Finally, bench iterative loading is used to reproduce the load spectrum and complete fatigue durability testing. The results show that the battery frame exhibited no structural failure under the equivalent working conditions of 8 000 km, verifying the consistency between the simulation model and the experimental results. This study can provide a reference for structural optimization design.

Key words: new energy electric tractor; rear-mounted battery frame; road load spectrum; fatigue life

摘要： 为提升新能源电动牵引车后背式电池框结构的疲劳可靠性，文章基于典型道路载荷谱， 开展了电池框疲劳寿命评估与台架试验研究。首先，在试验场采集多种典型路面的载荷数据， 并进行时域、频域及雨流计数分析，构建代表性工况。随后，建立有限元模型开展疲劳仿真， 评估不同道路下的结构损伤情况。最后，通过台架迭代加载实现路谱还原，完成疲劳耐久试 验。结果表明，该电池框在 8 000 km 等效工况下未出现结构失效，验证了仿真模型与试验结 果的一致性，可为结构优化设计提供参考。

关键词: 新能源电动牵引车；后背式电池框；道路载荷谱；疲劳寿命