Abstract: To address the utilization of idle transportation capacity based on existing resources such as rural passenger transport stations and bus routes, and to meet the needs of expanding express parcel transportation, improving the operational conditions of passenger transport enterprises, and promoting the development of rural logistics, the shipping and mailing route selection problem (SMRSP) is proposed. The characteristics of integrating shipping and mailing services in urban-rural bus transport systems are analyzed, and the optimization objectives are clarified. A multi-objective optimization model is established to minimize logistics costs and transportation time, which is then converted into a single-objective model using the linear weighting method. An improved ant colony algorithm is designed, and MATLAB is used to solve for the optimal order loading plan. Through a case study involving 30 stations, the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm are demonstrated.

Key words: urban and rural public transport; shipping and mailing integration; multi-objective opti-mization; improved ant colony algorithm

摘要： 文章针对基于乡村客运场站、客运班线等现有资源的闲置运力，拓展快递货物运输， 进而改善客运企业经营状况、促进乡村物流发展等需求，提出了运邮结合路线选择问题 （SMRSP）。分析城乡公交开展运邮结合物流模式的特点，明确优化目标，建立最小物流成本 和最小运输时间的多目标优化模型并采用线性加权法转换成单目标模型，设计改进蚁群算法， 利用 MATLAB 求解得到订单最优搭载方案。通过含有 30 个站点的算例，证明了模型的准确 性和算法的有效性。

关键词: 城乡公交；运邮结合；多目标优化；改进蚁群算法