Abstract: To investigate the injury mechanisms and influencing factors of child pedestrians in traffic accidents, a finite element simulation is conducted using a child model from a full-body safety simulation. The study focused on the lower limb injuries sustained by children in collisions with different vehicle types at speeds below 40 km/h. A total of 69 simulation data sets are obtained under various conditions, including different orientations, impact locations, and vehicle types. Based on these simulation results, a multi-factor coupling femur stress prediction model is established and validated with 24 additional simulation models. The simulation results indicated that frontal collisions with child pedestrians at speeds exceeding 28 km/h would likely result in lower limb fractures. The combined effects of the relative position between the pedestrian's leg and the vehicle, as well as the pedestrian's facing orientation, significantly influenced the tibial stress values upon impact. It is found that the least damage to the lower limbs occurred when the child pedestrian is facing away from the vehicle, whereas the most severe damage is observed when the pedestrian is struck at the license plate area of the vehicle. The simulation data and stress model provide valuable references and modeling approaches for road safety research concerning child pedestrians.

Key words: child injury; low speed collision; lower limb injury; multi-factor analysis

摘要： 为了研究交通事故中儿童行人被撞击的损伤情况并探究其影响因素，使用全人体安全 模型中的儿童模型进行有限元仿真。研究了儿童面对不同车型在低于 40 km/h 车速碰撞过程中 的下肢损伤机理，获得不同方位、碰撞位置、车型等因素碰撞条件下儿童行人被撞的 69 组仿 真数据。根据仿真结果建立多因素耦合股骨应力预测模型并搭建 24 组仿真模型进行验证。仿 真结果表明，正面碰撞儿童行人的车速超过 28 km/h 将造成儿童下肢骨折，行人腿部与汽车相 对位置和行人面朝方位综合影响了被撞击的胫骨应力值，儿童行人背向汽车被撞击时下肢受 到的损伤最小，行人处于汽车车牌位置被撞，下肢损伤最严重。仿真数据和应力模型为儿童 行人道路安全研究提供了数据参考和建模思路。

关键词: 儿童损伤；低速碰撞；下肢损伤；多因素分析