Abstract: With the rapid development of hydrogen energy industry and the breakthrough and maturity of fuel cell key technologies, hydrogen fuel cell with zero-emission characteristics is regarded as the best solution for new energy in the future. In order to improve the environmental adaptability of fuel cell systems, based on the fuel cell system model verified by the measured data, a study on the influence of environmental parameters such as environmental humidity, temperature and pressure on the system performance is carried out. The results show that low environmental humidity will lead to the increase of fuel cell internal resistance under high current density, which will reduce the system output power. At a current density of 2 A/cm 2 , the output power of the stack differs by about 8 kW between an environmental humidity of 20 %RH and 100 %RH; environmental temperature affects the stack inlet pressure, flow rate, and power consumption of the air compressor by changing the inlet density. At a current density of 1.6 A/cm 2 , the power consumption of the air compressor differs by 3.9 kW between environmental temperatures of -20℃ and 30 ℃. Low environmental temperature is conducive to improve of the system efficiency in the low current density period, while the high current density period reduces the efficiency of the system; the decrease in environmental pressure leads to a decrease in the inlet flow and pressure of the stack, which in turn leads to a decrease in stack voltage and output performance. It may even be unable to operate normally in high altitude and high power demand situations. The article provides reference data and theoretical basis for the actual application scenarios for the fuel cell engine to meet the increasingly strict requirements for the environmental adaptability of fuel cell engine.

Key words: fuel cell; environmental parameters; systems performance; environmental adaptation

摘要： 随着氢能行业的发展驶入快车道，以及燃料电池关键技术的突破和成熟，具有零排放 特性的氢燃料电池被誉为未来新能源的最佳解决方案。为提高燃料电池系统的环境适应性， 基于实测数据验证的燃料电池系统模型，开展了环境湿度、温度与压力等环境参数对系统性 能影响规律的研究。结果表明，低环境湿度将导致高电流密度下燃料电池的内阻增大，使得 系统输出功率降低，电流密度为 2 A/cm 2 下的环境湿度 20 %RH 与 100 %RH 电堆输出功率相 差约 8 kW；环境温度通过改变进气密度影响电堆进气压力、流量和空压机功耗，电流密度为 1.6 A/cm 2 下的环境温度为-20 ℃和 30 ℃时，空压机功耗相差 3.9 kW，在低电流密度阶段，低 环境温度有利于提高系统效率，高电流密度阶段则降低系统效率；环境压力下降，致使电堆 进气流量和压力下降，进而导致电堆电压和输出性能下降，甚至可能在高海拔大功率需求情 况下无法正常运行。文章为燃料电池发动机在实际应用场景提供参考数据和理论依据，以满 足日趋严格的燃料电池发动机环境适应性要求。

关键词: 燃料电池；环境参数；系统性能；环境适应性