Abstract: China has entered a stage of rapid development of electric vehicles, and the construction of charging and switching facilities plays a crucial role in the popularization of electric vehicles. In this paper, charging is categorized into slow charging station, fast charging station, and power exchange station according to the charging duration, and the siting problem of these three types of charging stations in urban areas is studied. Based on the global positioning system (GPS) trajectory data of social vehicles in a district of Xi'an, an arithmetic example is analyzed, and then combined with the NSGA-II algorithm to solve the problem. Six typical solutions are selected for scenario analysis, and the results show that: the construction cost, user convenience and average utilization rate cannot be optimized at the same time; if the decision maker prefers one of the indexes, the other two indexes decrease; if the decision maker takes the compromise solution, all three indexes decrease relative to the optimal value. Finally, based on the results of the analysis, relevant suggestions are provided for the construction of charging and switching facilities.

Key words: Electric vehicle; Charging and switching station location; Multi-objective optimization;NSGA-II algorithm; GPS trajectory data

摘要： 中国已进入电动汽车快速发展阶段，充换电设施的建设对电动汽车普及有着至关重要 的作用。文章根据充电时长将充电分为慢速充电站、快速充电站、换电站，并研究城市区域 中此三类充电站的选址问题。基于西安市某区的社会车辆的全球定位系统（GPS）轨迹数据 进行算例分析，然后结合 NSGA-II 算法进行求解。选取其中的六个典型解进行方案分析，结 果显示：建设成本、用户便利度和平均利用率三者无法同时达到最优，若决策者偏好其中一 个指标，则其他两个指标有所下降；若决策者取折中方案，则三者相对于最优值均有所下降。 最后根据分析结果为充换电设施的建设提供相关建议。

关键词: 电动汽车；充换电设施选址；多目标优化；NSGA-II 算法；GPS 轨迹数据