Abstract: Power battery packs, vehicle control unit and power distribution unit of pure electric bus are always located at its rear end. Short circuit, leakage of electricity and fire would occur when the rear end of pure electric bus is impacted by truck or bus. In order to improve and evaluate the protection effect of pure electric bus rear end structure, the simulation method of rear impact by truck with 100% and 30% overlap is used to analyze the rear end structure deformation of electric bus. The energy absorption structures and impact force transfer structures are designed to improve electric bus safety in rear end impact. The simulation results show that the deformation of bus rear ear structures and the damage risk of battery packs, power distribution unit of pure electric bus are decreased obviously.

Key words: Pure electric bus; Rear end impact; Energy absorption structures; Power battery

摘要： 纯电动客车尾部布置有动力电池、整车控制器、高压配电盒等高压零部件，在遭受卡 车、公交车等大型车辆追尾碰撞时容易产生短路、漏电，甚至电池起火。为了提升和评估纯 电动客车尾部结构防护效果，文章采用卡车以 100%和 30%重叠率追尾电动客车的仿真方法分 析了客车尾部结构变形，并设计了吸能结构、碰撞传力结构改善电动客车尾部碰撞安全性。 从仿真分析结果来看，客车尾部结构的变形量显著减小，纯电动客车尾部动力电池、高压配 电盒等高压零部件被挤压损坏的风险降低。

关键词: 纯电动客车；尾部碰撞；吸能结构；动力电池