Abstract: At present, China's new energy vehicle ownership and production and sales volume rank first in the world, with a clear trend of rapid growth. However, the high accident rate and prominent operational safety hazards of new energy vehicles, which affect the safety of people's lives and property, are mostly attributed to the safety hazards in the three major components or entire vehicle parts of electric vehicles, and have not been adjusted correctly. To accurately monitor the working status of battery components, motor components, electronic control components, and the entire vehicle in real-time, the failure mechanisms of common safety hazards of each component and the vehicle are clarified through literature analysis, and the corresponding safety characteristic parameters of each component and the vehicle are determined, providing scientific indicators for the correct and rapid detection of safety hazards. By monitoring the safety characteristics of each component and the entire vehicle in real-time, the working status of each component and the vehicle can be understood in advance, and the faulty components can be accurately identified, improving the risk identification level of electric vehicles, and providing the possibility for timely and rapid correct regulation of electronic control units in new energy vehicles.

Key words: New energy vehicles; Battery component; Motor component; Electric control component; Safety characteristics

摘要： 当前，中国新能源汽车保有量和产销量居世界首位，高速增长态势明显。但是，新能 源汽车事故率高、运行安全隐患突出，影响人民群众生命财产安全，归其原因大都为电动汽 车三大部件或整车部分存在安全隐患，并且没有得到正确调整。为实时准确监测包括电池部 件、电机部件、电控部件和整车四个维度在内的工作状态，通过文献分析方式明晰各部件和 整车常见安全隐患的故障机理，确定了各部件及整车相应的安全特征参数，为安全隐患的正 确、快速检验提供科学指标。通过实时监测各部件及整车安全特征，可以提前洞悉各部件及 整车的工作状态，精准识别故障发生部件，提高电动汽车风险识别水平，并为新能源汽车电 子控制单元及时、快速进行正确调控提供可能。

关键词: 新能源汽车；电池部件；电机部件；电控部件；安全特征