Abstract: To quantitatively evaluate the actual impact of truck overloading on braking performance, this experiment represents the first domestic road test case specifically targeting the Shaanqi Delong M3000 model. It conducts a quantitative analysis of the effect of a 100% overloading scenario on braking performance through dynamic road testing under identical vehicle and road condition settings. Based on real accident cases, the study systematically reveals the deterioration pattern of braking performance under overloading through quantitative analysis of parameters such as braking response time, mean fully developed deceleration (MFDD), and braking distance. The experimental results indicate that under 100% overloading conditions, the MFDD decreases by 49% compared to the full-load condition, while the braking distance increases significantly. This research not only provides a scientific basis for determining liability in traffic accidents, but also offers critical data support for optimizing truck braking system design, improving overloading regulation, and developing accident prevention strategies.

Key words: truck; traffic accident; overloading; road test experiment; braking distance; MFDD

摘要： 为定量评估货车超载对制动性能的实际影响，该实验是国内首次针对陕汽德龙 M3000 车型，通过同车、同路况的动态道路测试，定量分析货车超载 100%对制动性能影响的路试案 例。研究基于真实事故案例，结合制动响应时间、充分发出的平均减速度（MFDD）及制动 距离等参数进行定量分析，系统揭示了超载对制动性能的恶化规律。实验结果表明，在超载 100%工况下，MFDD 相较于满载工况下降达 49%，制动距离亦显著延长。该研究不仅为交通 事故责任认定提供了科学依据，也为货车制动系统优化设计、超载治理法规完善及相关事故 预防策略的制定，提供了关键数据支撑。

关键词: 货车；交通事故；超载；路试实验；制动距离；MFDD