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31 December 2025, Volume 50 Issue 24 Previous Issue   
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New Energy Vehicle
Intelligent Connected Vehicle
Design and Research
Testing and Experiment
Design and Research
Testing and Experiment
Process·Materials
Automobile Education
Standards·Regulations·Management


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New Energy Vehicle

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Design and Optimization of the Transmission System for a FSEC Racing Car GAO Zhengyang, MENG Xiangye, ZHANG Zhixiang, LIU Zexu, ZHI Jinning* 2025, 50(24): 1-6.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1382KB) ( )   This paper takes formula student electric China (FSEC) racing car as the research object and carries out multi-dimensional optimization design research about the power system and transmission system. Through the theoretical calculation and simulation analysis, a transmission ratio matching model based on the maximum speed constraint and acceleration performance requirements is established, and the optimization scheme with the main transmission ratio of 3.76 is determined, as well as the performance advantages of the transmission ratio in endurance racing and high-speed obstacle avoidance scenarios are verified by using Optimum Lap software. For the chain transmission system, combined with the structural design of the large sprocket hollow six-pointed star, the innovative use of 7050 aluminum alloy material not only achieves the target lightweight but also ensures the dynamic strength requirements (safety factor is 15.4). ANSYS finite element simulation is verified that the maximum equivalent stress of the sprocket bank under extreme conditions (emergency braking) is 36.975 MPa, which is significantly lower than the ultimate strength of the material, confirming the reliability of the design. The results provide a reference paradigm for the design of the transmission system of FSEC with both theoretical depth and engineering practical value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Power Distribution Circuit Topology of Charger with Multi-Segment Busbar Mutual Aid NIU Gaoyuan, ZHANG Xiaowei, LIU Min, CHANG Yufeng, LIANG Shuai, WANG Junhao 2025, 50(24): 7-13.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (890KB) ( )   To address the issues of insufficient flexibility, excessive number of components, complex control, and high cost in existing power distribution topologies for dual-port direct current chargers of electric vehicles, this paper proposes a power distribution topology scheme based on a multisegment busbar mutual aid mode. In this scheme, the direct current output busbars of the power conversion modules are divided into four segments via multiple pairs of direct current contactors, ensuring that each power module can be freely switched to any output interface. This achieves mutual aid and capacity expansion among the power modules. The proposed structure can meet the charging power demands of up to 10 scenarios, with the number of contactors required being only 37.5% of that used in a full-matrix topology. Additionally, the complexity of the program algorithm and hardware costs are significantly reduced, while the output response time is shortened to 2.8 s, demonstrating the technical advantages of the propose topology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Design of Electrical Safety Performance of High-Voltage Components under the Collision of New Energy Vehicles ZENG Fanbo, LIU Zonghua, SU Dong 2025, 50(24): 14-19，93.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (6273KB) ( )   In the fire accidents of new energy vehicles after collisions, short circuit of high-voltage components is one of the important inducements, and relevant research is relatively insufficient compared with fire caused by battery pack damage. To improve the safety performance of new energy vehicles, this paper focuses on the fire problem caused by short circuit of high-voltage components. Taking the integrated power system as the research object, a design process and method for highvoltage components covering layout design, structure analysis and test verification is constructed. Through designing subsystem tests and establishing safety performance evaluation indicators, the causes of fire in high-voltage components are systematically analyzed and corresponding prevention and control countermeasures are proposed. Research results indicate that based on the constructed forward development and design process, the maximum collision load that the integrated power system of a specific vehicle model can withstand is determined to be 72.4 kN through simulation. Considering the safety factor, the crash worthiness index is set to 90 kN. Verified by subsystem tests and vehicle collision tests, the system shows no structural damage or functional failure after collision, meeting the electrical safety technical requirements. This process can provide technical support for the design of high-voltage components in vehicles, effectively improve the safety in real traffic accidents, and reduce the risk of short-circuit and fire. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization and Simulation Analysis of Heat Dissipation for Motor Controller Based on FLUENT ZHOU Xikai, ZHOU Shuxia* , KONG Peng, LI Mengze, XIE Saijie 2025, 50(24): 20-26.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (3482KB) ( )   As the core control unit of the power system of new energy electric vehicles, the heat dissipation efficiency of the power semiconductor devices in the motor controller directly affects the reliability of the system. Due to the compact structure and limited space of the device, traditional heat dissipation solutions are difficult to meet the requirements of efficient heat dissipation. This study proposes a novel gradient wing needle structure optimization scheme based on FLUENT, constructs a three-dimensional coupling model for fluid structure coupling simulation, and focuses on analyzing the influence mechanism of radiator structural parameters on temperature field distribution. The simulation results show that the optimized heat dissipation structure reduces the peak temperature of the device to 110.1 ℃, a decrease of 2.8% compared to the traditional configuration, and improves temperature uniformity by 12.3%. To verify the effectiveness of the model, a fluid structure coupling testing platform is built for experiments, and the deviation between the measured values and the simulation results is controlled within 3%. Research has confirmed that the gradient fin needle structure can effectively reduce interface contact thermal resistance, significantly improve heat dissipation performance, and provide an effective solution for improving the reliability of power devices. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Intelligent Connected Vehicle

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Improved and Implemented YOLOv5-Based Object Detection Method for Traffic Scenes WANG Kangyun1 , WANG Chengbiao2 , CHEN Xingtong3* 2025, 50(24): 27-31.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (962KB) ( )   Object detection in traffic scenes is a critical technology for intelligent transportation systems and autonomous driving. To address the issues of missed detections, false alarms, and insufficient detection accuracy in multi-scale targets when using the YOLOv5s algorithm in complex traffic scenarios, this paper proposes an improved CRD-YOLOv5s model. First, a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) mechanism is introduced into the backbone network to enhance the feature extraction capability for small targets through channel and spatial attention mechanisms. Second, the spatial pyramid pooling-fast (SPPF) module is replaced with an receptive field block (RFB) module, which leverages dilated convolutions to expand the receptive field and capture global features. Additionally, the SIOU loss function is adopted to optimize the training convergence process, and a decoupled head structure is introduced to separate classification and regression tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved model achieves a 0.7% increase in mAP for single-target detection tasks and a 1.2% improvement in mAP for multi-target detection tasks. These enhancements not only significantly boost the detection accuracy but also effectively mitigate occurrences of missed and false detections. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Design and Research

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Optimal Design for Shock Absorber Bracket of Commercial Vehicle Based on FEMFAT WANG Junhao 2025, 50(24): 32-36.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.006 Abstract ( )   Aiming at the lightweight development of commercial vehicle chassis suspension, HyperWorks and FEMFAT software are used to carry out structural strength analysis and fatigue strength analysis on the chassis shock absorber bracket. The structural optimization is adopted to complete the lightweight design of the shock absorber bracket. The results before and after optimization are compared, and the static strength and fatigue life are satisfied. The weight of the shock absorber bracket is reduced by 14.83% and the cost is reduced by 33.96%. The result of finite element analysis is proved to be consistent with the actual situation through small batch trial production and vehicle trial assembly verification, and the purpose of vehicle lightweight and cost reduction is achieved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Finite Element Analysis Method for Feeding Mechanism of Compressed Garbage Trucks SHAN Xiaopeng 2025, 50(24): 37-40.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1832KB) ( )   This article takes a certain feeding mechanism as the research object, determines the most dangerous posture through multi-body dynamics simulation calculation, and completes the oil cylinder load verification. By establishing a finite element simulation model, conducting simulation calculations and evaluating results, the reliability assessment of the feeding mechanism is completed. According to the simulation results, it has been optimized and improved in design, achieving a weight reduction of 30 kg, and the reduction rate is 30%. This method can be widely applied to the reliability evaluation and structural optimization of the feeding mechanism of compressed garbage trucks, solving the problem of difficult reliability evaluation and optimization in the development of feeding mechanisms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Trailing Arm Rear Suspension Positioning Parameters for Off-Road Vehicles Based on Adams/Insight WANG Zhidong 2025, 50(24): 41-46,123.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1684KB) ( )   Trailing arm suspension has the advantages of simple structure, high strength and large suspension stroke, etc., usually applied to the rear suspension of off-road vehicles, due to its unique structural characteristics, the caster angle of the kingpin of the trailing arm suspension and the wheel camber angle change less in the driving process, but the caster angle of the kingpin often changes greatly in the wheel jumping process, and the hard point parameters usually need to be optimized. Based on the rear suspension parameters of a certain type of off-road vehicle, a virtual prototype model of the rear single trailing arm suspension is established in the Adams/Car software, and the variation of the wheel alignment parameters is analyzed through the simulation of parallel wheel jumping in the same direction. In order to solve the problem that the caster angle of the kingpin is too large in the process of wheel jumping, the Adams/Insight module is called to optimize the caster angle of the kingpin and the camber angle of the wheel, and the hard point is optimized. The optimized caster angle of the kingpin is generally reduced by about 5°in the allwheel jump stroke, and the lateral displacement of the wheel landing point and the change of toe angle are also more reasonable, and the handling stability of the vehicle is improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Study on the Effect of Dual Spark Plug Arrangement on the Combustion and Emission Performance of High Compression Ratio Methanol Engine YAN Renbin, ZHEN Xudong, LIU Daming, GENG Jie, YANG Hanhui 2025, 50(24): 47-53.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (2526KB) ( )   This study establishes a single-cylinder model of a dual-spark-plug methanol engine based on a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation platform. Through simulation methods, it analyzes in detail the effects of different dual-spark-plug configurations on the combustion and emission performance of high-compression-ratio methanol engines. The results indicate that the peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and temperature all show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of A (the ratio of dual spark plugs to cylinder diameter). Specifically, the peak cylinder pressure at A=0.4 is approximately 15.69% higher than that at A=0.8, and the peak heat release rate at A=0.4 is about 13.5% and 39.11% higher than those at A=0.2 and A=0.8, respectively. At A=0.4, the engine achieves the lowest unburned methanol, formaldehyde, and SOOT emissions, while the NOx emissions reach the highest. Overall, the engine exhibits optimal performance at A=0.4, characterized by higher combustion efficiency and favorable emission characteristics, whereas A=0.8 is the least ideal dual-spark-plug configuration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Control Strategy of Dual-Solenoid CDC Semi-Active Suspension Based on MPC YUE Qi 2025, 50(24): 54-60.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2007KB) ( )   Aiming at the control strategy problem of the dual-solenoid continuous damping control (CDC) damper, this paper proposes a semi-active suspension control algorithm based on model predictive control (MPC). Firstly, an interpolation surface model for the dual-solenoid CDC damper and a quarter-vehicle vertical dynamics model are established, upon which a discrete state-space equation is constructed. Subsequently, an MPC controller is designed based on the prediction model. Performance indices and a cost function are formulated, and constraints on the amplitude and rate of change of the control input are introduced, transforming the solution of the control law into a constrained quadratic programming problem. Finally, the proposed method is validated through simulations on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The results indicate that, compared to a traditional passive suspension, the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the vehicle body acceleration,tire dynamic deflection, and suspension dynamic deflection metrics, demonstrating superior comprehensive performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cause Analysis and Improvement of Fuel Gauge Inaccurate Caused by Offset Fuel Pump in a Specific Vehicle Model XIE Lei 2025, 50(24): 61-66.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1778KB) ( )   Aiming at the defect of inconsistent fuel level displayed on the fuel gauge with the actual remaining fuel in a certain vehicle model, which causes stalling during driving, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of various potential causes, including the impact of the individual structures of the fuel gauge, eccentric fuel pump and fuel tank on the accuracy of fuel level display, as well as the effect of the comprehensive state of the eccentric fuel pump and fuel tank after assembly on the accuracy of fuel level display. The research finds that under the premise that the individual structures and performances all meet the requirements, the assembly state of the eccentric fuel pump and fuel tank has a significant impact on the output accuracy of the fuel level resistance value. Based on the analysis of the defect, an optimization scheme is designed to limit the displacement of the eccentric fuel pump through the structure of the fuel tank body, which can ensure the correct assembly state of the two components and further guarantee the output accuracy of the fuel level resistance signal. This achievement provides important guidance for the installation and matching design of fuel pumps and fuel tanks in subsequent new vehicle models. For fuel pumps with eccentric structures, it is recommended to pre-set limiting structures during the fuel tank data design stage to avoid mass defects in the later period. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Verification of the Downward-Flipping Rear Doors of Cargo Box for Off-Road Dump Trucks LI Jiao 2025, 50(24): 67-71.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1113KB) ( )   A study on the design method of downward-flipping rear doors is conducted to address the issues of material spillage, vulnerable rear doors structure, and inefficient unloading in existing off-road dump trucks cargo box in this paper. By analyzing the operation of off-road dump trucks and the advantages and disadvantages of existing rear doors structures, the paper systematically elaborates on key design aspects including the automatic opening mechanism design, hinge point optimization, movement process verification, and structural strength validation of downwardflipping rear doors. The geometric modeling method is used to determine the rotation point position, kinematic equations are established for quantitative analysis of opening timing and trajectory, and strength simulation verification is completed based on finite element analysis. The results show that the designed downward-flipping rear doors ensures reliable sealing in the closed state and can extends the unloading distance in the open state, improving unloading efficiency by about 20%; The structural strength meets design requirements. This design is demonstrated not only to solve the problems of traditional rear doors but also to optimize vehicle axle load and improve transportation efficiency, showing broad application prospects in open-pit mine transportation field. A complete technical solution and theoretical support for the structural optimization of off-road dump trucks cargo box are provided. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Testing and Experiment

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Optimization of Carpet Inclination Angle to Mitigate Lower Leg Injury of a Front Passenger Female Dummy YING Guan, GUAN Yongxue, LI Shifeng, XU Li 2025, 50(24): 72-77,142.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1727KB) ( )   In response to the challenges posed by the updated European new car assessment programme 2026 rating protocol (Euro NCAP 2026), which replaces the Hybrid III 50th male dummy with the Hybrid III 5th female dummy in the front passenger seat for the 50% overlap moving progressive deformable barrier (MPDB) test and introduces lower leg injury assessment, this paper investigates the exceeding tibia index (TI) of the female dummy in a new vehicle model. High-speed video and biomechanical data analysis identified the primary cause as excessive upward rotation of the lower leg and its subsequent rigid impact with the lower dashboard. To suppress this motion, an optimization strategy is proposed by modifying the front footwell carpet block to increase its inclination angle. The original 40°design is adjusted to 43°and 45°for comparative testing. The results demonstrate that as the carpet inclination angle increased, the upward motion of the dummy's lower leg is effectively suppressed, leading to a significant reduction in lower leg bending moments and the tibia index. The 45°configuration proved optimal, reducing the exceeding tibia index in the right lower tibia from 1.35 to 0.29, a decrease of 78.5%, thus meeting regulatory requirements. This study confirmes that increasing the carpet inclination angle is an effective and feasible method for mitigating lower leg injury, and provides a practical reference for vehicle safety development in complying with the new regulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism and Optimization Study of Cab Aerodynamic Noise Induced by Gap Flow YUAN Ye, SI Dongxian* , JI Xubei, PAN Yanan, SHI Chenfangda 2025, 50(24): 78-87.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (2809KB) ( )   This paper investigates the whistling noise issue originating from door gaps in the cab of a heavy-duty truck under external air recirculation mode, employing a combined experimental and simulation approach. The influence of varying gap sizes on aeroacoustic noise is systematically examined, and the mechanism behind the aeroacoustic anomaly is revealed. Real-vehicle tests indicate significant differences in noise spectra among different vehicles: vehicle 1 exhibits prominent peaks at 4 150 Hz and 4 368 Hz, while vehicle 2 shows a single peak at 1 269 Hz, reflecting the substantial impact of manufacturing tolerances on acoustic performance. By establishing refined models with gap widths of 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm, and utilizing large eddy simulation coupled with the acoustic analogy method, the noise generation mechanisms for different gap widths are clarified. Narrow gaps (1 mm) excite unstable S-shaped oscillatory flow and periodic vortex shedding, resulting in high-frequency discrete noise. Medium gaps (3 mm) form vortex structures resembling a Kármán vortex street, inducing mid-frequency whistling noise. Wide gaps (5 mm), due to the coanda effect, suppress periodic vortex shedding, leading to a broadband noise characteristic. Based on these findings, an optimization solution involving the introduction of pressure relief holes at specific locations on the cab is proposed. Both simulation and experimental validation confirm that this approach effectively eliminates abnormal noise peaks and significantly improves the interior acoustic environment, without compromising the original sealing system functionality. This research establishes a complete technical framework from problem identification and mechanism analysis to solution verification, providing theoretical insights and engineering references for aeroacoustic noise control and optimization in heavy-duty trucks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Design and Research

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Study on the Optimization and Crash Safety of a Seat Belt PLP Bracket for an Export Vehicle LI Shifeng, XU Li, ZHANG Xinhua, TU Qichuan 2025, 50(24): 88-93.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (4513KB) ( )   Regarding the issue of excessive head injury values in a dummy caused by insufficient strength of the seat belt pretensioner lap plate (PLP) bracket during the frontal collision test of a light passenger vehicle model exported to Europe under the ECE R137 regulation, this article studies the impact of bracket strength optimization on dummy injuries. Three sets of seat belt PLP brackets are selected, two of which are strengthened through local thickening and material reinforcement according to the optimized design, while the third maintained the original structure as the initial design. According to the ECE R137 regulation standards, a sliding platform system verification is conducted, with comparative tests performed while keeping other key components of the vehicle restraint system consistent. The center of gravity of the head is successfully reduced from the excessive 82.95g to the standard 73.99g by the continuous composite acceleration of more than 3 ms. The injury criterion values for the head continued to decline; the neck load significantly reduced, with the neck bending moment decreasing by 59.2%, and the chest and thigh injury indicators both met the regulatory requirements with minimal changes. The strength optimization of the PLP bracket can effectively control collision energy, improve the motion posture of the dummy, and significantly enhance the protection performance of the head and neck, providing practical evidence for solving similar restraint system design issues. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Testing and Experiment

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Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Driving Data Analysis and Powertrain Matching Optimization LI Lintao1,2 , LIU Yingwen1 , ZHANG Wei2 , WANG Peng2 , WANG Lei2 2025, 50(24): 94-99.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (2021KB) ( )   Carbon emissions from heavy-duty commercial vehicles account for approximately 5.2% of the total carbon emissions of the whole society in China. However, the heavy-duty commercial vehicle market and its operating conditions are complex, and the powertrain matching is not precise enough, which affects the energy consumption performance. Based on the characteristics of segmented markets and big data of operating vehicles, this paper conducts a study on the powertrain of long-haul logistics tractors. By adopting methods such as classification and clustering, it processes the big data of vehicle driving, extracts the typical altitude-vehicle speed spectrum of segmented markets, clarifies the core concerns of segmented markets, and explores and determines optimization schemes according to the typical altitude-vehicle speed spectrum and core concerns. The results show that the powertrain of "large displacement, low speed, high torque engine" with "large head gear, variable differential multi-speed transmission" can reduce the energy consumption by 2%～5% and improve the power performance by 2%～10% in the long-distance logistics traction market. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for further energy conservation and carbon reduction of heavy-duty commercial vehicles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Process·Materials

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Case Analysis of a Topcoat Shrinkage Defect LI Xiaodan, LIANG Pengfei* , LI Weilin, LIU Shuangshuang, YANG Xiufeng 2025, 50(24): 100-105.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (3095KB) ( )   While automotive coatings serve protective, decorative, and other specific functions for the vehicle body, coating defects can severely compromise their performance. Paint shrinkage, as a common defect, poses significant challenges to the automotive coating industry. These challenges are primarily reflected in the extended investigation cycle required to identify the cause of shrinkage, substantial economic losses due to rework, and disruption of production schedules affecting product delivery. This paper conducts extensive on-site experiments and investigations from various aspects including the environment, materials, processes, and equipment. It outlines specific approaches and methodologies for investigating shrinkage defects. Furthermore, it identifies that silicone rubber powder from fireproof cloth can induce shrinkage and revealed the conditions under which it occurs. This discovery fills a research gap regarding the relationship between silicone rubber powder and paint shrinkage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Quality Control Methods for the Opening of Automobile Door and Hood Hemming ZHANG Yichuang, JIA Jianfeng* , ZHAO Yongqiang 2025, 50(24): 106-112.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (2107KB) ( )   This paper focuses on the failure of conventional pressure adjustment in hemming the outer panels of automobile doors and hoods due to factors such as the geometric characteristics of single parts, design styling, and improper adjustment of mold parameters. Through a combination of theoretical analysis and case validation, the study systematically reveals the influence mechanisms and optimization methods for hemming quality issues caused by small R angles on the flanging surface of single parts, the inherent warping characteristics of the clamping flanging process, material flow conflicts due to the convex arc structure of outer panel styling, and improper adjustment of hemming process parameters. The research shows that a small R angle can cause mechanical interference, necessitating the use of a welding pre-hemming process to adjust the R angle to a reasonable range. The inherent warping of the flanging surface in the clamping flanging process can be addressed by optimizing the R angle through welding pre-hemming and improving the stamping flanging process to control the warping amount. For convex arc-shaped surfaces, it is essential to balance the conflict between material accumulation and expansion, and shortening the flanging length can effectively reduce stress concentration. Mold parameter optimization requires collaborative adjustment of parameters such as mold pressure and the position of the bottom mold. Case validation demonstrates that after optimization, the hemming opening dimensions are stably controlled within the enterprise standard range (≤0.3 mm for four doors, ≤0.4 mm for two hoods). The study provides a systematic solution to enhance the failure issues of conventional adjustment in door and hood hemming openings. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Lightweight Mudguard Bracket in Commercial Vehicle HAO Yanyang, CAO Xinyue 2025, 50(24): 113-116.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (2781KB) ( )   To address the technical demands for lightweight and energy-saving emission reduction in commercial vehicles, this paper proposes an innovative design scheme for mudguard bracket based on non-metallic materials. Through material selection optimization and structural stiffness enhancement design, combined with a computer aided engineering (CAE) simulation analysis and experimental validation system, systematically investigates the feasibility of applying reinforced nylon composites in cantilever-type bracket structures. The research results demonstrate that nonmetallic brackets employing a metal insert composite structure achieve a weight reduction of up to 50% compared to traditional metal products. Validated through bench vibration tests and 12 000 km road tests, the stiffness and strength indicators meet product design requirements, with plastic deformation controlled within 19.03 mm. This research provides a new technical pathway for developing lightweight components in commercial vehicles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Automobile Education

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Research on Development of a New Modular Loose-Leaf Textbook for Reverse Engineering Technology Based on Vocational Skills Matrix YI Huicheng, GONG Yanli* , LIU Yunfei 2025, 50(24): 117-123.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1378KB) ( )   This study proposes a new modular loose-leaf textbook development process and method based on vocational skills matrix, in order to meet the diversified and multi-level skill talent training needs of reverse engineering technology. A vocational skills matrix is constructed based on the demand information of reverse engineering positions in different industries, and teaching projects are selected based on this to complete the macro structure design of the textbook. Based on systematic principles, clearly demonstrate the ability development chain in each project and complete the structural design of the textbook. The implementation process of each project is decomposed into typical tasks in the order of work, and complete the microstructure design of teaching. With skill development as the core, organically integrate knowledge, literacy, and ideological and political education to complete the content design of textbooks. This study is of great significance in promoting textbook reform in vocational colleges, improving students' employment rate and quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Teaching Feedback Optimization Model of Automatic Control Principles for Vocational Undergraduate Automobile Manufacturing Majors under the OBE Concept CAO Qiang1 , TAO Jiayuan1 , LIU Chang1 , HONG Huihui1 , ZHANG Qingrong2 2025, 50(24): 124-130.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1370KB) ( )   Principles of Automatic Control is an important integrated theory and practice course for equipment manufacturing majors in vocational undergraduate colleges. The content covers control concepts, principles and methods and simple control engineering applications. It is the basic theory for the application of control technology. This paper takes the construction of the "gold course" of automatic control principles for vocational undergraduate automobile manufacturing majors as an example to carry out research and practice on the feedback optimization model of course teaching implementation process based on the outcome based education (OBE) concept. Through scientific construction of course implementation paths, modular course teaching is implemented, case development processes are formulated, a control system engineering application case library is constructed, and information-based teaching is used learning methods, the implementation of integrated theory-practice teaching, comprehensive assessment and evaluation of teaching quality, statistical analysis of course scores in three semesters of teaching classes show a normal distribution as a whole. With the continuous optimization of the teaching implementation process, the proportion of high-segmented students has increased year by year, and the teaching effectiveness has been improved. To a certain extent, it has promoted the cultivation of high-end automotive skills talents for vocational undergraduates. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Standards·Regulations·Management

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Comparison on Performance of a Passenger Vehicle Based on Old and New Side Impact Regulations HUANG Huixing1 , HUANG Fengying1 , JIA Ligang2,3,4 2025, 50(24): 131-136.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (2970KB) ( )   Prior to the official release of the new side impact regulation passenger protection in side impacts of motor vehicles (GB 20071－202X), a vehicle model completes side impact tests. The model underwent experimental and simulation analysis, with finite element modeling using LS-DYNA software to evaluate the impact of the new regulation on body deformation and dummy injury. The results show that vehicles with doors and bodies made of high-strength steel and hot-formed steel, along with side airbags, exhibited a tendency to worsen body deformation under the new side impact conditions. However, the dummy injury remained well within the regulatory limits, indicating no need for additional body reinforcement. This research has certain reference significance for the development of subsequent vehicle models. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Impact of 100% Truck Overloading on Braking Distance LI Zebin1 , SUN Qiang1 , GAO Lei2 , LI Zhenfeng1 , LIN Jie1 , LV Fengjun1 2025, 50(24): 137-142.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (2166KB) ( )   To quantitatively evaluate the actual impact of truck overloading on braking performance, this experiment represents the first domestic road test case specifically targeting the Shaanqi Delong M3000 model. It conducts a quantitative analysis of the effect of a 100% overloading scenario on braking performance through dynamic road testing under identical vehicle and road condition settings. Based on real accident cases, the study systematically reveals the deterioration pattern of braking performance under overloading through quantitative analysis of parameters such as braking response time, mean fully developed deceleration (MFDD), and braking distance. The experimental results indicate that under 100% overloading conditions, the MFDD decreases by 49% compared to the full-load condition, while the braking distance increases significantly. This research not only provides a scientific basis for determining liability in traffic accidents, but also offers critical data support for optimizing truck braking system design, improving overloading regulation, and developing accident prevention strategies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice of Building an Integrated BOM Management System JI Lili 2025, 50(24): 143-147.  DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.024.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (1134KB) ( )   In the wave of digital transformation in manufacturing enterprises, Jiangling Motors Company Limited (hereinafter referred to as "JMC") launched an enterprise level bill of material (BOM) project in 2021 due to factors such as increasing personalized demand and cost control pressure. Traditional BOM management has problems such as low data accuracy, obstructed information flow, poor flexibility, difficulty in cost control, and insufficient decision support. The enterprise level BOM system built by JMC serves as a data platform, innovatively adopting a coding mode mainly based on SAP code and supplemented by engineering order card (EOC) code. The highlights of the project implementation process are frequent, including multi-dimensional sorting of vehicle model spectra, introduction of automatic coding to improve efficiency and accuracy,integration of data standardization from design to sales, application of process reengineering and automation technology, and employee training to promote cultural transformation. During the implementation process, challenges such as vehicle type spectrum division, clear EOC code rules, and automatic matching of vehicle main codes are successfully resolved. The project has achieved significant results, with improvements in production efficiency, cost control, supply chain management, and cross departmental collaboration. This project provides reference for the industry, and in the future, JMC will continue to deepen its digital cultivation to promote the long-term development of the enterprise. References | Related Articles | Metrics