Abstract: Fuel cell engines face the issue of insufficient lifetime in practical applications, which severely hinders the commercialization process of fuel cell vehicles, especially under complex and varying operating conditions where performance degradation is more pronounced. This article analyzes the physical and chemical properties and degradation mechanisms of key components in fuel cells such as catalysts, proton exchange membranes, carbon paper, and bipolar plates. It explores the impact of these factors on the durability of hydrogen fuel cell engines and proposes corresponding optimization directions for high-durability materials. By combining the analysis of system operating conditions (such as open circuit/idle, load changes, start-stop conditions, and high load), the article identifies the degradation characteristics of key fuel cell materials during practical application. It suggests optimization control strategies for fuel cell systems, and promotes the widespread application of fuel cell vehicles.

Key words: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; fuel cell durability; technology status; lifetime improvement

摘要： 氢燃料电池发动机在实际应用中面临寿命不足的问题，严重阻碍了燃料电池汽车的商 业化进程，尤其在复杂多变的工况条件下，其性能衰减更为显著。文章通过分析催化剂、质 子交换膜、碳纸、双极板等燃料电池关键组件的理化特性及衰减机制，探讨了这些因素对氢 燃料电池发动机耐久性的影响，并提出相应的高耐久材料优化方向。结合系统运行工况（如 开路/怠速、负载变化、启停工况、高负载）分析燃料电池关键材料在实际应用过程中的衰退 特征，提出燃料电池系统优化控制策略，促进燃料电池汽车的推广应用。

关键词: 氢燃料电池汽车；燃料电池耐久性；技术现状；寿命提升