Abstract: Aluminium alloys have the advantages of high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. The use of aluminium alloys as a substitute for steel in the skeleton of wingspan box-type vans has important practical value. Basalt fibre is a natural volcanic basalt resources, with low density, high strength, good corrosion resistance and other advantages, combined with high-strength resin polypropylene (PP) synthesis of new composite materials basalt fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP/BF) composite material. It can be used to replace the traditional vehicle cabin door material T700 steel. By using ABAQUS, the frame material is replaced from Q235 to 7075 alloy, and the cabin door material is replaced from T700 to PP/BF. Finite element analysis is carried out for the cabin before and after replacing the materials under different working conditions. The results show that the aluminium alloy skeleton structure meets the strength and other design requirements, the overall weight reduction of the cabin is 17%, and all working conditions meet the safety standards, so the optimized design scheme is desirable.

Key words: lightweight design; numerical simulation; composite materials

摘要： 铝合金具有比强度高、抗腐蚀性能好等优点，用铝合金材料替代钢材作为翼开启厢式 货车骨架有重要实用价值。玄武岩纤维是一种天然的火山玄武岩资源，具有密度低、强度高、 耐腐蚀性好等优点，结合高强度树脂聚丙烯（PP）合成新型的玄武岩纤维增强聚丙烯（PP/BF） 复合材料，可以用来代替传统的挂车厢门材料 T700 钢。通过 ABAQUS 将车架的材料从 Q235 钢更换为 7075 铝合金，厢门材料从 T700 钢替换为 PP/BF。对更换材料前后的厢体在不同工 况下进行有限元分析，结果表明，铝合金材料骨架结构满足强度等设计要求，车厢总体减重 17%，且各工况均满足安全标准，通过材料替换的轻量化设计方法可取。

关键词: 轻量化设计；数值模拟；复合材料