Abstract: To investigate the effect of vehicle operating conditions on the lifetime of fuel cell stacks, this paper analyzes the correlation between vehicle operating conditions and key factors affecting stack durability, and clarifies the degradation mechanisms of these key factors. Taking fuel cell stacks for passenger cars and heavy-duty trucks as objects, durability studies are conducted through tests in three dimensions: operating cycle, -30 ℃ cold start, and air-to-air start-stop, with indicators such as average single-cell voltage being set. The results show that the operating cycle for passenger cars has a more significant impact on stack degradation, with an average single-cell voltage decay rate of 7 μV/h, which is about 3.5 times that of heavy-duty trucks. Among the three dimensions, the operating cycle contributes the most to stack degradation for both passenger cars and heavy-duty trucks, with degradation values of 16% and 6.1%, accounting for 87.9% and 73.5%, respectively.Therefore, when designing and selecting fuel cell stacks for durability, the effect of the operating cycle on lifetime should be considered first, followed by the effects of sub-zero cold start and air-to-air start-stop. This study provides practical guidance for automotive engineering applications

Key words: uel cell stack; lifetime; durability test

摘要： 为研究汽车工况对燃料电池电堆寿命的影响，文章分析了汽车工况与电堆耐久关键影 响因素的关联，明晰了电堆耐久关键影响因素的衰减机理。以小型客车和重型货车燃料电池 电堆为对象，从设计工况循环、-30 ℃冷启动及空空启停三个维度进行试验，并设定平均单 电池电压等指标，开展耐久研究。结果表明，小型客车的工况循环对电堆衰减影响更为显著， 其平均单电池电压衰减率为 7 μV/h，约为重型货车的 3.5 倍；在三个维度中工况循环对小型 客车和重型货车燃料电池电堆衰减贡献均最大，衰减分别达 16%和 6.1%，占比分别达 87.9% 和 73.5%。在进行燃料电池电堆耐久设计和选型时，首先要考虑工况循环对寿命的影响，其 次考虑零下低温冷启动及空空启停对寿命的影响。该研究对汽车工程应用有实际指导意义。

关键词: 燃料电池电堆；寿命；耐久试验