Abstract: Taking the localization of heavy-duty steering drive axle for a 110 t off-road tyre crane as the research background, this paper carries out analysis and verification on axle load-bearing and steering system to address insufficient domestic design methods for heavy-duty steering drive axles and long-term reliance on imported axles. The vehicle suspension structure and load transfer characteristics are analyzed to clarify the components of load-bearing and steering systems. Mechanical models and calculation formulas are established by simplifying forces under multiple working conditions including vertical load, braking, driving and sideslip. A design factor of twice the rated load is determined based on road spectrum data collected from test sites. Theoretical calculations and computer aided engineerin (CAE) simulation analysis are conducted with axle design parameters to check the strength of key components such as kingpin, steering knuckle and bushing. Bench fatigue tests and 3 000 km intensified road tests are implemented. Test results demonstrate that all design indicators of the axle meet vehicle application requirements with qualified reliability and durability. This research develops a complete system for design, analysis and verification of steering systems for heavy-duty steering drive axles, providing theoretical basis and technical experience for the development of similar heavy-duty steering drive axles for engineering vehicles.

Key words: off-road tire crane; steering drive axle; load-carrying and steering system; mechanical model; road test verificatio

摘要： 文章以 110 t 越野轮胎起重机重载转向驱动桥国产化为研究背景，针对国内重载转向驱 动桥设计方法不足、车桥长期依赖进口的问题，开展车桥承载与转向系分析及验证研究。研 究分析整车悬架结构与载荷传递特性，明确承载及转向系零部件构成；将垂向、制动、驱动、 侧滑多工况受力简化为力学模型与计算公式，基于试验场道路谱采集结果确定 2 倍额定载 荷的设计系数；结合车桥设计参数开展理论计算与计算机辅助工程（CAE）仿真分析，完成 主销、转向节、衬套等关键件强度校核，并开展台架疲劳试验与 3 000 km 强化路试验证。试 验结果表明，车桥各项设计指标均满足整车使用要求，可靠性与耐久性达标。该研究形成了 完整的重载转向驱动桥转向系设计、分析与验证体系，为同类工程车辆重载转向驱动桥开发 提供理论依据与技术经验积累。

关键词: 越野轮胎起重机；转向驱动桥；承载和转向系；力学模型；路试验证