Abstract: To address the problems of inaccurate temperature control in electric vehicle air conditioning systems and the high cost of real-vehicle debugging, this paper designs a temperature control simulation system for electric vehicle air conditioning. Using an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller as the controller, the system constructs a physical simulation platform with hardware components including temperature sensors, positive temperature coefficient (PTC) metal heating elements, fans, and drive modules. The functions of each hardware component are described in detail. This paper develops a system temperature control algorithm based on incremental proportionalintegral-derivative (PID), tunes the PID parameters for heating mode and insulation mode respectively, and conducts experiments under heating conditions. The experimental results show that the developed algorithm enables the current space temperature to rise quickly to the target temperature and remain stable, with a temperature control error of less than 0.2 ℃. The temperature control algorithm and physical simulation system designed in this paper can provide effective theoretical and experimental support for temperature control systems in electric vehicle air conditioning.

Key words: electric vehicle; air conditioning system; temperature control; incremental PID; Arduino Mega 2560

摘要： 针对电动汽车空调温度控制不精准和实车调试成本过高的问题，文章设计了电动汽车 空调温度控制模拟系统，以 Arduino Mega 2560 单片机为控制器，采用温度传感器、正温度系 数（PTC）金属加热片、风扇、驱动模块等硬件构建实物模拟系统，并详细介绍了各硬件的 功能。文章开发了基于增量式比例-积分-微分（PID）的系统温度控制算法，分别整定加热和 保温两种模式下的 PID 参数，并进行了制热工况实验，实验结果表明，所开发算法可使当前 空间温度快速升高到目标温度并保持稳定，温度控制误差值小于 0.2 ℃。文章所设计的温度 控制算法和实物模拟系统可为电动汽车空调温度控制系统提供有效的理论和实验支撑。

关键词: 电动汽车；空调系统；温度控制；增量式 PID；Arduino Mega 2560