Abstract: Aiming at the insufficient initial performance of the front seats of a certain vehicle model in the whiplash test of the 2024 version of the China New Car Assessment Program (C-NCAP), this study proposes a data-driven progressive optimization method based on the whiplash injury mechanism and the key path analysis of "geometry–stiffness–interaction". Through a three-stage iterative design of "geometric parameter optimization–backrest stiffness reconstruction-composite structure collaboration (introduction of expanded polypropylene energy-absorbing structure)", the system regulates the head restraint backset, backrest stiffness distribution and the matching of energy-absorbing structures. Physical test results show that the total score of seat whiplash performance increases from 1.85 to 4.48, the upper neck bending moment decreases from 41.64 Nm to 8.31 Nm, and the neck injury criterion (NIC) as well as other key load indicators are significantly improved. The study verifies the effectiveness of the systems engineering method of "mechanism guidance–path collaboration–test verification", and provides a technically practical reference path for the optimization of automotive seat whiplash protection performance.

Key words: automotive seat; whiplash performance; progressive optimization; neck protection; C-NCAP

摘要： 针对某车型前排座椅在《中国新车评价规程（C-NCAP）》2024 版鞭打试验中初始性能 不达标的问题，该研究基于鞭打损伤机理与“几何－刚度－交互”关键路径分析，提出一套 数据驱动的递进式优化方法。通过“几何参数优化－靠背刚度重构－复合结构协同（引入发 泡聚丙烯吸能结构）”三阶段迭代设计，系统调控头后间隙、靠背刚度分布与吸能结构匹配。 物理试验结果表明，座椅鞭打性能总分从 1.85 分提升至 4.48 分，上颈部弯矩由 41.64 Nm 降 至 8.31 Nm，颈部伤害指数（NIC）及其他关键载荷指标均显著改善。研究验证了“机理引导 －路径协同－试验验证”系统工程方法的有效性，为汽车座椅鞭打防护性能的优化提供了具 有实践参考价值的技术路径。

关键词: 汽车座椅；鞭打性能；递进式优化；颈部防护；C-NCAP