Abstract: In automotive collision accidents, frontal small-offset collisions account for a high proportion and result in severe casualties. The core issue lies in the limited contact area between the front crumple zone and the barrier, making it difficult to absorb collision energy and leaving the passenger compartment vulnerable to impact. A skid motion strategy that guides the vehicle to deviate laterally from the barrier can effectively reduce impact loads by minimizing direct contact between the passenger compartment and the barrier. Based on the China-insurance automotive safety index (C-IASI), this paper proposes a skid motion evaluation method centered on kinematic response skid values and vehicle yaw angle as core metrics, providing theoretical support for refining China's automotive safety regulations. Building upon this, a three-degree-of-freedom second-order segmented motion model is constructed, dividing complex collision processes into multiple segments of uniformly accelerated motion. This approach reduces computational complexity while maintaining prediction accuracy. Additionally, interactive planning software developed in MATLAB enables parameter input, real-time computation, and result visualization, providing a powerful tool for automotive safety design.

Key words: small overlap collision; skid motion; three-degree-of-freedom second-order segmented model; software implementation; MATLAB

摘要： 汽车碰撞事故中，正面小偏置碰撞占比高、伤亡重，其核心问题在于前舱吸能结构与 壁障接触面积小，难以吸收碰撞能量，导致乘员舱易受冲击。引导车辆侧向偏离壁障的侧滑 运动策略可通过降低乘员舱与壁障的直接冲击，有效减少冲击载荷。基于中国保险汽车安全 指数（C-IASI），文章提出以运动学响应侧滑值和车辆偏转角为核心指标的侧滑运动评价方法， 为完善我国汽车安全法规提供理论依据。在此基础上构建三自由度二阶分段运动模型，将复 杂碰撞过程划分为多段匀加速运动，可在降低计算复杂度的同时保证预测精度。同时基于 MATLAB 开发可交互规划软件，实现参数输入、实时计算及结果可视化，为汽车安全设计提 供有力工具。

关键词: 小偏置碰撞；侧滑运动；三自由度二阶分段模型；软件实现；MATLAB