Abstract: According to the batch leakage failure of cylinder head gasket of a diesel engine in the market, the failure mode of the cylinder head gasket is confirmed as cracking by analyzing the failure parts. Based on the data measurement and analysis from 4 aspects of cylinder head lift, cylinder head bolt shaft force, cylinder liner bulge and gasket structure, and combined with the simulation analysis method, it is found that the gasket structure design is the main cause of the failure, and further put forward the improvement measures to optimize the distance between upper and lower gaskets. After the full load endurance test and thermal shock test, the improved diesel engine does not appear gasket cracks and leakage failures, successfully solves the market problems, and provides a reference for the subsequent cylinder head gasket design.

Key words: Cylinder head gasket; Diesel engine; Failure mode

摘要： 针对某柴油发动机气缸盖垫片在市场上出现的批量泄露故障，通过对失效件进行分析， 明确了气缸盖垫片的失效模式为开裂。从气缸盖抬升量、缸盖螺栓轴力、气缸套凸出量、垫 片结构 4 个方面进行数据测量和分析，并结合仿真分析的方法，找到了垫片结构设计是引发 故障的主要原因，进一步提出了上下垫片距离优化的改进措施。经全速全负荷耐久试验和热 冲击试验验证，改进后的柴油发动机未出现垫片裂纹和泄露故障，成功解决了市场问题，为 后续气缸盖垫片的设计提供参考。

关键词: 气缸盖垫片；柴油机；失效模式