Abstract: In the analysis of braking energy recovery, the control strategy of braking energy recovery and testing of braking energy recovery are mostly studied, but the theoretical limits of vehicle energy consumption, braking energy recovery and effective energy recovery of the vehicle are not evaluated. Based on the theory of vehicle energy flow, the energy flow path of battery electric vehicle is sorted out, and the interrelationships between factors such as vehicle driving resistance, vehicle inertia potential energy, braking energy recovery, and motor efficiency in energy consumption calculation are sorted out, and the interrelationships are transformed into a calculation model to solve the theoretical limit values of energy consumption, braking energy recovery rate, and effective energy recovery rate of the entire vehicle under working conditions. The actual measurement results of a battery electric box transport vehicle indicate that the theoretical limit values of the energy consumption and effective energy recovery rate of the entire vehicle are within 2% of the actual deviation, and the limit values of the braking energy recovery rate are within 6% of the actual deviation. The calculation model is relatively accurate, and this provides a theoretical basis for reducing vehicle energy consumption, optimizing brake energy recovery control strategies, and balancing passenger comfort with brake energy recovery intensity.

Key words: Vehicle energy flow theory; Battery electric vehicle; Operating conditions; Energy recovery; Extreme energy consumption

摘要： 在制动能量回收分析中，多就制动能量回收控制策略、制动能量回收测试等方面进行 研究，但未对整车能耗、制动能量回收率，以及整车有效能量回收率的理论极限值进行评估。 基于汽车能量流理论，梳理纯电动汽车能量流动路径，整理出汽车行驶阻力、整车惯性势能、 制动能量回收、电机效率等因素在能耗计算中的相互关系，并转化为计算模型，可求解整车 工况能耗、制动能量回收率及整车有效能量回收率的理论极限值。某纯电动厢式运输车实测 结果表明，整车工况能耗及整车有效能量回收率的理论极限值与实际偏差在 2%以内，制动能 量回收率极限值与实际偏差在 6%以内，计算模型较为准确，为降低整车能耗、优化制动能量 回收控制策略、平衡乘员舒适性与制动能量回收强度提供理论依据。

关键词: 汽车能量流理论；纯电动汽车；行驶工况；能量回收；能耗极值