Abstract: In the structural design of the automobile tailgate, the tailgate door lock and its retainer should meet the structural functionality and integrity under high-speed crash load in the sled test. This paper takes the composite tailgate as the research object, focuses on the high-speed material properties of the composite material, by establishing the finite element simulation analysis model of the composite tailgate sled test. The accuracy of the simulation model of the composite tailgate sled was validated to the test results, and the fracture performance of the composite tailgate, especially the tailgate lock and its retainer under high strain rate was analyzed under high-speed conditions. Finally, based on the accurate simulation analysis model of the tailgate sled test, taking into account the process feasibility of composite materials, an optimization scheme to strengthen the weak area of the composite tailgate is proposed, and the reliability of the optimization scheme was also verified by experiments. The finite element simulation analysis and optimization method using the sled test described in this paper can efficiently and accurately solve the problem of local cracking of the composite tailgate in the sled test.

Key words: Composite material; Structure optimization; FEM; Pamcrash; Plastic tailgate; Sled test

摘要： 汽车尾门的结构设计中，尾门门锁及其保持件在滑台试验中需满足该结构在高速载荷 工况下的结构功能性和结构完整性。以复合材料尾门为研究对象，利用有限元模拟的方法， 重点考虑复合材料的高速材料性能，建立复合材料尾门滑台试验的仿真分析模型。根据试验 结果，校核复合材料尾门滑台仿真模型的精度，分析在高速工况下，复合材料尾门尤其是尾 门门锁及其保持件在高应变率下的断裂性能表现。最后，基于精准的尾门滑台仿真分析模型， 兼顾复合材料的工艺可行性，有针对性地提出加强复合材料尾门薄弱区域的优化方案，并通 过试验验证了优化方案的可靠性。阐述的利用滑台试验的有限元仿真分析及优化方法，高效 且精准地解决了复合材料尾门在滑台试验中局部开裂的问题。

关键词: 复合材料；结构优化；有限元；Pamcrash；塑料尾门；滑台试验