Abstract: The front tow hook is a core safety component for emergency rescue of commercial vehicles, and its performance directly determines rescue reliability and road collision safety. To address the common pain points of conventional commercial vehicle front tow hooks, such as excessive rigidity, excessive front protrusion, structural redundancy, inconvenient installation and use, and susceptibility to bolt fracture, as well as industry issues including that most mass-produced products only meet the forward static load requirements of the national standard Commercial vehicles Front towing devices (GB/T 28948－2012), are prone to failure under complex rescue conditions, and exhibit poor vehicle-to-vehicle crash compatibility, this paper proposes two optimization schemes: an integrated fixed tow hook and a retractable integrated tow hook. Through integrated base design, load path optimization, innovative folding limit structures, and box-type protective design, the structural dimensions and product weight are reduced while balancing towing strength and crash protection performance. Finite element simulation verification under multiple operating conditions shows that the preferred integrated fixed tow hook achieves safety factors greater than 1 under three typical operating conditions, meeting mandatory national standard requirements, and achieves a 35.3% weight reduction compared with the original structure. This scheme effectively addresses the core defects of existing structures and can serve as a reference for the optimal design of similar commercial vehicle safety components.

Key words: commercial vehicle; front tow hook; structural optimization; lightweight; finite element analysis

摘要： 前拖钩是商用车应急救援的核心安全部件，其性能直接决定救援可靠性与道路碰撞安 全性。针对传统商用车前拖钩普遍存在的刚性过大、前端突出量超标、结构冗余、安装使用 不便、连接螺栓易断裂失效等痛点，以及多数量产的产品仅满足标准《商用车辆 前端牵引装 置》（GB/T 28948－2012）正向静载荷要求、复杂救援工况易失效、车-车碰撞相容性差的行 业问题，文章提出固定式集成与伸缩式集成两种拖钩优化方案。通过底座集成化设计、受力 路径优化、折叠限位结构创新与盒体式防护设计，缩减结构尺寸、降低产品自重，同时兼顾 牵引强度与碰撞防护性能。经多工况有限元仿真验证，优选的固定式集成拖钩在三类典型工 况下安全系数均大于 1，满足国标强制要求，较原结构减重 35.3%。该方案有效解决了现有结 构核心缺陷，可为同类商用车安全部件优化设计提供参考。

关键词: 商用车；前拖钩；结构优化；轻量化；有限元分析