Abstract: The thermal management of lithium-ion batteries requires high-fidelity yet computationally efficient temperature field simulations, a balance that is difficult to achieve. To address this, a hierarchical lumped-parameter thermal network model is proposed and a battery pack simulation system with series cooling and hierarchical heat generation is developed in a Simulink environment. This model conceptualizes the battery pack as three thermally series-connected modules, with each cell discretized into three distinct nodes, thereby explicitly simulating coolant temperature rise and internal cell temperature stratification. Results confirm that the model maintains high computational efficiency while accurately replicating the axial and vertical temperature gradients under dynamic conditions, establishing its utility for thermal system design and real-time state estimation.

Key words: battery thermal management; hierarchical lumped-parameter; Simulink simulation

摘要： 锂离子电池热管理中，温度场仿真精度与效率常常难以兼顾。文章提出一种分层集总 参数热网络模型，在 Simulink 中构建了串联冷却与分层产热的电池包仿真系统。该模型通过 将电池包离散为三个串联模块，并将各电芯划分为三个热节点，实现了对冷却液温升及电芯 温度分层的精确模拟。仿真结果表明，模型在保证计算效率的同时，能准确复现电池包在动 态工况下的轴向与垂向温度梯度，为热管理系统设计与在线状态估计提供了有效工具。

关键词: 电池热管理；分层集总参数；Simulink 仿真