Abstract: To balance the side impact protection and lightweight requirements of automotive doors, this paper establishes a door impact model in accordance with FMVSS214 impact regulations and analyzes the deformation and energy absorption characteristics of each door component under side impact via simulation. When a rigid column strikes the door, each component deforms and absorbs energy. The anti-collision beam serves as the core energy-absorbing component, absorbing 1 220 J of energy, accounting for 49.86% of the total internal energy, with a peak impact force of 12.6 kN and an average impact force of 9.27 kN. Furthermore, three types of anti-collision beams with circular, square and hat-shaped cross-sections are selected, and the average impact force is applied to compare their impact stress, deformation and other performances. The results show that the hat-shaped anticollision beam, due to its groove structure, exhibits a stress of 472.9 MPa, a displacement of 27.32 mm and the lightest mass, delivering optimal comprehensive crashworthiness. It is of great significance for improving the side impact safety of automotive doors and achieving lightweight goals.

Key words: door impact beam; side collision; safety; lightweight

摘要： 为兼顾汽车车门侧面碰撞防护与轻量化要求，文章依据 FMVSS214 碰撞法规建立车门 碰撞模型，通过仿真分析车门各部件侧面碰撞变形及吸能特性。刚性柱撞击车门时，各部件 变形吸能，防撞梁为核心吸能件，吸能 1 220 J，占总内能 49.86%，其碰撞力峰值为 12.6 kN、 均值为 9.27 kN。进一步选取圆形、方形、帽形三种截面防撞梁，施加平均碰撞力对比其碰撞 应力、变形等性能。结果表明，帽形防撞梁因凹槽结构，应力为 472.9 MPa、位移为 27.32 mm 且质量最轻，综合抗撞性能最优，对提升车门侧面碰撞安全性并实现轻量化具有重要价值。

关键词: 车门防撞梁；侧面碰撞；安全性；轻量化