Abstract: In automotive drive motors, wave springs serve as key preload components that can effectively absorb shocks, improve the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance of electric drive systems, and mitigate mechanical overload caused by thermal deformation. However, there is currently no unified standard for their selection, and vibration tests indicate that wave springs in two electric drive products exhibit fatigue failure issues. To address this, the study adopts a research method combining simulation and experiment: first, conducting simulation analysis on the working stress of wave springs, then performing wave spring fatigue tests, and finally carrying out whole-machine vibration fatigue tests. Based on the test results, a fatigue limit determination method using the Goodman fatigue limit diagram is proposed. This method can directly judge whether wave springs will experience vibration fatigue failure under corresponding stress levels according to simulation stress results, providing an effective technical basis for their selection. The research can offer certain engineering practice references for improving motor reliability and extending service life.

Key words: wave spring; selection; preload element; installation space; vibration fatigue

摘要： 汽车驱动电机中，波形弹簧作为关键预紧元件，可有效吸收冲击、改善电驱系统噪声、 振动与声振粗糙度（NVH）性能并缓解热变形引发的机械过载，但目前其选型缺乏统一标准， 振动实验表明两款电驱动产品的波形弹簧存在疲劳失效问题。为此，文章采用仿真与实验相 结合的研究方法：先对波形弹簧工作应力进行仿真分析，再开展波形弹簧疲劳试验，最后进 行整机振动疲劳试验。基于试验结果，提出基于 Goodman 疲劳极限图的疲劳极限判定方法。 该方法可根据仿真应力结果直接判断波形弹簧在对应应力水平下是否发生振动疲劳失效，为 其选型提供有效技术依据，该研究可为提升电机可靠性、延长使用寿命提供一定工程实践参 考。

关键词: 波形弹簧；选型；预紧元件；安装空间；振动疲劳