Abstract: To investigate the aerodynamic characteristics and optimization strategies of formula student electric China (FSEC) racing cars under typical operating conditions, a simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed. Two representative scenarios are analyzed: pitching motion and figure-eight maneuvers. The study reveals that the front wing's downforce is significantly influenced by ground clearance during pitching conditions. Implementing a design strategy that incorporates increased ground clearance and optimized flap angle of attack enhances the front wing's aerodynamic sensitivity and improves the downforce distribution between front and rear axles. During figure-eight maneuvers, the vehicle's side roll amplifies the ground effect between the side diffuser and the vehicle's underbody; however, tire jet turbulence adversely affects the side diffuser's downforce performance. This issue can be effectively mitigated by extending the side diffuser's end plate, which restores the side diffuser's downforce to 95.13% of its straight-line performance. The findings suggest that adopting a high ground clearance front wing with adjustable flap angle of attack during pitching conditions, combined with the installation of baffle end plates behind the front wheels during figure-eight maneuvers, significantly enhances the vehicle's aerodynamic performance and handling stability.

Key words: FSEC racing; aerodynamics; aerodynamic configuration; tire jet turbulence; Fluent

摘要： 为探究中国大学生电动方程式汽车大赛（FSEC）赛车在典型工况下的气动特性及改善 策略，文章采用计算流体力学（CFD）仿真方法设计了 FSEC 赛车简化模型，并针对俯仰和 八字绕环两种典型工况开展研究。研究发现，俯仰工况下，前翼负升力受离地间隙影响显著， 采用高离地间隙设计策略并调整襟翼攻角可提升前翼气动敏感性并改善前后轴负升力比，前 翼高离地间隙对整车操纵稳定性有改善作用；八字绕环工况下，车辆侧倾使侧部扩散器与车 身底部地面效应增强，但轮胎射流会降低侧部扩散器负升力性能，通过加长侧部扩散器端板 可有效解决该问题，使侧部扩散器负升力恢复到直线行驶状态的 95.13%。研究表明，在俯仰 工况下采用高离地间隙前翼并调整襟翼攻角，八字绕环工况下在开轮式赛车前轮后增设挡流 端板，可有效提升赛车气动性能和操纵稳定性。

关键词: FSEC 赛车；空气动力学；气动布局；轮胎射流；Fluent