Abstract: With the increasing complexity of intelligent vehicle electronic and electrical architectures, full lifecycle management of vehicle electronic control components faces multiple challenges: Traditional on-site firmware flashing solutions relying on diagnostic tools suffer from high manual dependency and low operational efficiency, while existing remote over-the-air (OTA) technologies are constrained by hardware redundancy caused by decentralized deployment of in-vehicle communication modules and insufficient protocol transmission efficiency. This study proposes an telematics gateway (TGW) architecture that combines the functionalities of traditional T-BOX (Telematics Box) and in-vehicle gateway. The architecture eliminates hardware redundancy through module integration at the hardware layer, ensures data security during firmware downloads via hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) encrypted transmission at the external network protocol layer, and employs a self-developed unified diagnostic service (UDS) protocol stack compliant with ISO 14229 standards at the internal network protocol layer, featuring autonomous controllability. Innovatively, this architecture achieves centralized remote master-controlled firmware flashing management for all vehicle electronic control unit (ECU). Testing results demonstrated a 32% improvement in communication efficiency compared to the discrete solution, and the gateway's message forwarding throughput has increased to 2.1 Gbps. The research outcomes have effectively addressed issues of resource redundancy, security risks, and decentralized management in vehicle system OTA upgrades, providing an efficient and reliable solution for full lifecycle software management in intelligent connected vehicles.

Key words: integrated telematics box and gateway; vehicle electronic control unit; OTA; HTTPS; UDS

摘要： 随着智能汽车电子电气架构的复杂化，整车电控部件全生命周期管理面临多重挑战： 传统基于诊断仪的现场刷写方案存在人工依赖度高、操作效率低的问题，而现有远程升级 （OTA）技术则面临车载通信模块分立部署导致的硬件冗余及协议传输效率不足的瓶颈。文 章提出一种集成式车载网关（TGW）架构，通过融合传统车载 T-BOX（Telematics Box）与车 载 Gateway 功能，在硬件层面实现模块整合以消除冗余，在外网通信协议层采用超文本传输 安全协议（HTTPS）加密传输机制保障固件下载过程的数据安全性，在内网通信协议层采用 自主研发的符合 ISO 14229 标准的统一诊断服务（UDS）协议栈，具有自主可控的特点。该 架构创新性地实现了对整车电子控制单元（ECU）固件的集中式远程主控刷写管理，经测试 验证，系统通信效率较分立方案提升 32%，网关报文转发吞吐量提升至 2.1 Gbps。研究成果 有效解决了车载系统 OTA 升级中的资源冗余、安全风险和管理分散问题，为智能网联汽车的 全生命周期软件管理提供了高效可靠的解决方案。

关键词: 集成式车载网关；车载电子控制单元；OTA；HTTPS；UDS