Abstract: Taking the front axle steering system of a certain type of bus of our company as the research object, a three-dimensional digital model of the bus front axle steering system is first established. Then, a simulation model is built using ADAMS software for kinematic simulation analysis. According to the calculation results, the angle change curves of the front axle steering wheels of this type of bus when turning left or right can be obtained. Then, the angle comparison analysis is conducted based on Ackermann theory, and the pure rolling rate of the steering wheels is also obtained. Finally, the optimal solution is obtained through the optimization design of the steering trapezoid mechanism of this type of bus, effectively reducing the difference between the simulated steering angle and the theoretical steering angle. At the same time, it ensured the pure rolling rate of the steering wheels within a small steering angle range, providing suggestions for the design and matching of the axle, and effectively improving the steering performance of the vehicle model's steering system.

Key words: bus front axle; steering system; kinematics simulation; performance analysis

摘要： 以某型客车前轴转向系统作为研究对象，首先建立客车前轴转向系统的三维数模，利 用 ADAMS 软件建立仿真模型进行运动学分析。根据计算结果可得到该型客车前轴转向轮在 向左或向右转向时的转角变化曲线。然后根据阿克曼理论进行转角对比分析，同时分析转向 轮的纯滚动率。最后对该型客车转向梯形机构进行优化设计得到最优解，有效减小了仿真转 角和理论转角之间的差值，同时保证转向轮在小转角范围的纯滚动率，为设计匹配车桥提供 建议，有效提升车型转向系统的转向性能。

关键词: 客车前轴；转向系统；运动学仿真；性能分析