Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the energy management strategy of hybrid commercial vehicles does not consider the change of vehicle mass, this paper takes a hybrid tractor as the research object, and proposes an energy management strategy based on load optimization. The vehicle longitudinal dynamics model is established, the influence of mass parameters on energy management strategy is analyzed, the tractor model is established in MATLAB/Simulink, the vehicle mass is estimated online by Kalman filter, the vehicle mass and the minimum control strategy of equivalent fuel consumption are combined, the load optimization control strategy model is established, and the simulation experiment is used to verify. The results show that the Kalman filter can accurately identify the total mass of the vehicle under different loads, and the proposed strategy can better maintain the balance of battery power, improve the working efficiency of the motor, and further exert the performance of the control strategy of minimum equivalent fuel consumption, with about 1.15% fuel saving.

Key words: tractor; hybrid power; Kalman filtering; quality estimation; energy management strategy; equivalent fuel consumption; minimum control strategy

摘要： 为解决目前混合动力商用车能量管理策略研究中未考虑整车质量变化的问题，文章以 某混合动力牵引车为研究对象，提出一种基于负载优化的能量管理策略。建立车辆纵向动力 学模型，分析质量参数对能量管理策略的影响，在 MATLAB/Simulink 中建立牵引车模型，利 用卡尔曼滤波对整车质量进行在线估计，将整车质量和等效燃油消耗最小控制策略相结合， 建立负载优化控制策略模型，利用仿真实验进行验证。结果表明，卡尔曼滤波能够准确地识 别到不同载荷下的整车总质量，提出的策略能更好地维持电池电量平衡、提高电机的工作效 率，进一步发挥等效燃油消耗最小控制策略的性能，大约节油 1.15%。

关键词: 牵引车；混合动力；卡尔曼滤波；质量估计；能量管理策略；等效燃油消耗；最小 控制策略