Abstract: In order to solve the lack of neck injury data of children seats designed according to the national standard Restraint System for Children Members of Motor Vehicles (GB 27887－2011), it is difficult to evaluate the neck injury value and formulate evaluation indicators in the subsequent standard. A frontal collision comparison test between P3 dummy and Q3 dummy is carried out in this paper, and a neck force analysis model of a 3-year-old dummy is established to analyze the force situation of the dummy's neck, and the model is improved and verified by the test data of Q3 dummy. This method can be used to predict the neck injury of P3 dummy, supplement the lack of neck injury data of P3 dummy, and provide a scheme for the injury of similar children restraint system.

Key words: Children dummy; Children restraint system; Neck injury; Simulate collisions

摘要： 为了解决按国标《机动车儿童成员用约束系统》（GB 27887－2011）设计的儿童座椅的 颈部伤害数据的匮乏，进而导致后续标准对于颈部伤害值的评价方法、评价指标的制定困难 等问题。文章进行了 P3 假人和 Q3 假人的正面碰撞比对试验，建立了 3 岁假人的颈部受力分 析模型，分析假人颈部的受力情况，并用 Q3 假人的试验数据完善并验证了模型。应用该方法 可预测 P3 假人的颈部伤害情况，补充了 P3 假人的颈部伤害数据匮乏的情况，为同类儿童约 束系统的伤害提供了方案。

关键词: 儿童假人；儿童约束系统；颈部伤害；模拟碰撞