Abstract: The rapid development of modern automobile suspension technology requires the vehicle to further improve its performance in handling stability, ride comfort and other aspects. Air springs with adjustable height and stiffness, better vibration absorption capacity and longer service life are used in middle and high-end passenger cars. Piston profile has a great influence on the stiffness characteristics of air spring, and different piston profile directly affects the effective action diameter of air spring. In this paper, four different piston profiles (L type, S type, O type and reverse O type) are designed for passenger car film air spring. Based on the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, the influence of piston profiles on stiffness characteristics of air spring under different initial internal pressures is studied and analyzed. Results show that the O type piston air spring the carrying capacity of the strongest, the O type and type O piston into symmetric structure, the carrying capacity of the weak, with the increase of initial internal pressure, the carrying capacity of the gap is increasingly apparent, S piston type air spring bearing capacity between O and O piston, and shows the ideal anti-S characteristics.

Key words: Automobile suspension; Air spring; Piston profile; Effective action diameter; Stiffness characteristic

摘要： 现代汽车悬架技术的快速发展，要求汽车在操纵稳定性、行驶平顺性等方面进一步提 高性能。高度和刚度可调、吸振能力较佳和使用寿命较长的空气弹簧在中高端乘用车上得到 使用。活塞型线对空气弹簧的刚度特性影响较大，不同的活塞型线会直接影响空气弹簧的有 效作用直径。文章以乘用车膜式空气弹簧为研究对象，设计了四种不同的活塞型线（L 型、S 型、O 型、反 O 型），基于有限元分析软件 ABAQUS 研究分析了不同初始内压下活塞型线对 空气弹簧刚度特性的影响。结果表明，O 型活塞空气弹簧的承载能力最强，反 O 型与 O 型活 塞成对称结构，其承载能力最弱，随着初始内压的增大，其承载能力的差距会愈发明显，S 型活塞空气弹簧的承载能力介于 O 型与反 O 型活塞之间，并表现出理想的反 S 特性。

关键词: 汽车悬架；空气弹簧；活塞型线；有效作用直径；刚度特性