Abstract: In recent years, automobiles have developed towards electrification, intelligence, networking and sharing, electronic, electrical and programmable systems have been widely used in the automotive industry, and their related safety has become a current research hot topic. The Road Vehicle Functional Safety Standard (ISO 26262) guides the design, development and testing of electronic systems, where hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA) are an important step in safety analysis. This paper discusses the HARA analysis process and reveals the shortcomings of traditional analysis methods such as heavy workload, reliance on team experience, and subjective rating, and at the same time, a quantitative assessment method is proposed to calculate the integrity level of vehicle safety through parametric hazard events and assessment rules, so as to improve the reliability and consistency of risk assessment.

Key words: Vehicle control system; Functional safety; Risk assessment; Quantify methods; Automotive safety integrity level

摘要： 近年来，汽车朝着电动化、智能化、网联化、共享化发展，汽车工业领域中的电子、 电气、可编程系统得以大量应用，其相关安全性已成为当前的研究热点。《道路车辆功能安全 标准》（ISO 26262）指导电子系统设计、开发、测试等阶段工作，其中危害分析和风险评估 （HARA）是开展安全分析的重要一步。文章讨论了 HARA 分析过程，揭示传统分析方法具 有工作量大、依赖团队人员经验、评级过于主观等缺陷的同时，提出了一种量化评估方法， 通过参数化危害事件及评定规则，计算出汽车安全完整性等级，提高了风险评估的可靠性和 一致性。

关键词: 整车控制系统；功能安全；风险评估；量化方法；汽车安全完整性等级