Abstract: In automotive ergonomic design, there has always been a compatibility issues between the Ramsis 3D manikin and the traditional 2D manikin, resulting in differences in the analysis conclusions of the two methods. Previous relevant standards and experiences can not be transplanted into the 3D design environment. This article analyzes the differences between the 3D manikin simulation and the 2D manikin, starting from the completeness of simulation constraints. On the basis of traditional constraints, visibility and support of seat have been added, and verified with vehicle development projects. A set of simulation methods that effectively combine the 3D manikin and the 2D manikin has been summarized.

Key words: Ramsis simulation; 3D manikin; 2D manikin; Ergonomics; Driving attitude

摘要： 在汽车人机工程设计中，基于 Ramsis 的 3D 人体模型与传统 2D 人体模型一直存在匹 配性问题，导致两种方法分析结论存在差异，过往 2D 人体相关的标准与经验也无法移植到 3D 环境中。文章对 3D 人体仿真后与 2D 人体存在的差异性进行了分析，从仿真约束的完备 性展开，在传统约束的基础上，增加了视野性与座椅支撑性相关的约束条件，并结合实际车 型的开发项目进行了验证，总结出了一套 3D 人体模型与 2D 人体模型有效结合的仿真方法。

关键词: Ramsis 仿真；3D 人体；2D 人体；人因工程；驾驶姿态