Abstract: The power battery charge and discharge losses of hybrid electric vehicles directly affect the vehicle's energy efficiency and performance. This paper establishes an internal resistance model of the power battery and a battery state-of-charge estimation model to study the effects of different charge and discharge rates on battery losses, load energy, and overall efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles at different states of charge. Simulation results indicate that the power battery exhibits higher efficiency at low discharge rates. Full charging of the power battery is detrimental to battery health and energy losses, but full charging of the power battery has the highest energy conversion efficiency. The simulation results provide a theoretical basis for achieving efficient and healthy operation of power batteries under different states of charge.

Key words: Hybrid power; Power battery; Energy management; Charge and discharge; Loss analysis

摘要： 混合动力汽车动力电池能量管理系统直接影响着车辆的能效和性能，文章通过动力电 池内部电阻模型和电池荷电状态估计模型的建立，研究了不同荷电状态下混合动力汽车不同 充放电倍率对电池损耗、负载能量和动力电池总体效率。仿真结果表明，动力电池在低放电 倍率下具有更高的效率，随着充电倍率增加动力电池充电电流增加，充电损耗增大、效率降 低；动力电池荷电状态的增长，动力电池充电功率和充电功率均增加；动力电池满充对电池 健康和能量损耗不利，但动力电池的满充具有最高的能量转换效率。仿真结果为实现不同荷 电状态下动力电池高效健康运行提供理论基础。

关键词: 混合动力；动力电池；能量管理；充放电；损耗分析