Abstract: In order to promote the transformation of China's energy structure and solve the problem of environmental pollution, the development of hydrogen fueled solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is an effective way. Gradient anode design with varying anode microstructure is expected to improve the SOFC performance. To explore the electrical performance of the gradient anode SOFC, an experimental system for measuring the electrical performance of the SOFC button cell was built. By regulating the working conditions of the cell, the open circuit voltage and discharge characteristics of the gradient anode SOFC were measured under different working temperature and different inlet fuel flow rate. The results show that the output voltage and output power density of the gradient anode SOFC increase with the increase of inlet fuel flow rate, and the electrical performance of the cell remains basically unchanged when the inlet fuel flow rate exceeds 100 mL·min-1 . As the operating temperature increases, the open circuit voltage of the gradient anode SOFC decreases, and the output voltage and the output power density of the cell increase. When the cell is operated at 800 ℃ and the inlet fuel flow rate is 125 mL·min-1 , the maximum power density of the gradient anode SOFC reaches 0.31 W·cm -2 .

Key words: Energy and environment; Solid oxide fuel cell; Gradient anode; Electrical performance; Experimental study

摘要： 为推动我国能源结构转型和解决环境污染问题，发展以氢气为燃料的固体氧化燃料电 池（SOFC）是一种有效的措施。微观结构梯度变化的梯度阳极设计有望提高 SOFC 性能，为 探究梯度阳极 SOFC 的电性能，搭建了以梯度阳极 SOFC 纽扣电池为研究对象的电池电性能 测量实验系统，通过调控电池的工作条件，测量了该纽扣式单电池在不同工作温度和不同入 口流量下的开路电压和放电特性。研究发现，随着入口处燃料气体流量的增加，梯度阳极 SOFC 的输出电压和输出功率密度增加，电池电性能在燃料气体入口流量超过 100 mL·min-1 后基本 保持不变。随着工作温度的升高，梯度阳极 SOFC 开路电压降低，输出电压和输出功率密度 升高。当 SOFC 纽扣电池工作在温度为 800 ℃、入口处燃料气体流量为 125 mL·min-1 的条件 下，测得最大功率密度 0.31 W·cm -2。

关键词: 能源与环境；固体氧化燃料电池；梯度阳极；电性能；实验研究