Abstract: As a large energy-consuming body auxiliary equipment, automotive air conditioning is used to ensure the comfort of the vehicle occupants in summer and to take into account the fuel consumption. Therefore, by calculating and analyzing the heat load inside the vehicle, it is important to select a suitable automotive air conditioning system. In the article, a heat balance model is established and the steady state analysis is used to calculate the heat load entering the car at different times of the day and to analyze the different load components entering the car. The results show that the heat gain through the windows and the fresh air load entering the car account for nearly 50%, and the maximum heat load entering the car at 14:00 p.m. The total load is 3 664 W when the car speed is 45 km/h and the absorption rate is 0.85. This analysis has an important significance for the design of the cooling system of the car air conditioner.

Key words: Automotive air conditioning; Heat load; Steady state analysis method; Heat balance model

摘要： 汽车空调作为耗能较大车身辅助设备，为了在夏季保证车内人员舒适性，并兼顾燃油 消耗量。因此，通过对车室内热负荷的计算分析，对选用合适的汽车空调系统有着重要的作 用。文章通过建立了热平衡模型，利用稳态分析法，计算白天不同时刻进入车内的热负荷， 并分析了进入车内的不同负荷组成。结果表明，通过车窗得热和进入车内的新风负荷占比接 近 50%，在下午 14:00 时刻进入车室内热负荷最大，当车速为 45 km/h 和吸收率为 0.85 时， 总负荷为 3 664 W。此分析对汽车空调的制冷系统的设计有着重要的借鉴意义。

关键词: 汽车空调；热负荷；稳态分析法；热平衡模型