Abstract: Aiming at the low damping force output of conventional magnetorheological dampers under various automotive operating conditions, a curved magnetic-circuit magnetorheological damper is proposed. With alternately arranged magnetic conductive rings and magnetic isolation rings, the damper enables magnetic flux lines to penetrate the magnetorheological channel perpendicularly and improves magnetic field utilization effectively. Mechanical modeling and magnetic circuit analysis of the damper are carried out. Electromagnetic simulation is performed using ANSYS Maxwell to obtain the relationship between current and magnetic flux density in each magnetorheological channel. A mechanical model is established in Simulink based on the above formula to calculate the output damping force of the damper. Meanwhile, the NSGA-II multiobjective genetic algorithm is adopted for multi-objective optimization of key structural parameters of the damper. The results show that the volume of the optimized magnetorheological damper is reduced by 12.8%. Under working condition 1, the maximum output damping force reaches 1 625 N with an increase of 22.4%. Under working condition 2, the maximum output damping force reaches 4 271 N with an increase of 26.8%. This research provides a reference for the structural design and parameter optimization of magnetorheological dampers used in automotive suspensions.

Key words: magnetorheological damper; curved magnetic circuit; structural design; mechanical model; multi-objective optimization

摘要： 针对传统磁流变阻尼器在汽车不同工况下输出阻尼力偏小的问题，提出一种弯曲磁路 磁流变阻尼器。该阻尼器通过导磁环与隔磁环间隔排列的结构，使磁感线垂直贯穿磁流通道， 有效提升磁场利用率。文章对该阻尼器开展力学建模与磁路分析，依托 ANSYS Maxwell 软件 完成电磁仿真，拟合得到各磁流通道电流与磁感应强度的对应关系，结合该关系式在 Simulink 中搭建力学模型，求解得到阻尼器输出阻尼力。同时基于 NSGA-Ⅱ多目标遗传算法，对阻尼 器关键结构参数开展多目标优化。结果显示，优化后的磁流变阻尼器体积缩减 12.8%；工况 1 下最大输出阻尼力达 1 625 N，提升 22.4%；工况 2 下最大输出阻尼力达 4 271 N，提升 26.8%。 该研究可为汽车悬架磁流变阻尼器的结构设计与参数优化提供参考。

关键词: 磁流变阻尼器；弯曲磁路；结构设计；力学模型；多目标优化