Abstract: Due to the compressed project cycles and the rapid development and application of steerby-wire chassis, higher demands have been placed on simulation accuracy and test quality. This paper systematically reviews the technical roadmap of virtual-physical combined testing for vehicle structural durability. A high-precision elastomer modeling method based on test data identification is proposed. Static and dynamic test conditions for the spindle-coupled test rig are designed, and the validation of the suspension dynamics model is completed accordingly. Furthermore, the technical scheme for functional testing of steer-by-wire chassis is reviewed, and the feasibility of vehicle structural durability testing technology based on residual bus simulation is verified. The results show that the fitting accuracy of the bushing constitutive model at low frequencies reaches 98%, and the dynamic stiffness fitting accuracy reaches 93.7%. The shock absorber constitutive-neural network combined model achieves the highest simulation accuracy, with an error of less than 6.51%. After static kinematic and compliance (K&C) optimization, the error between the suspension model simulation and the test rig measurement results is less than 10%. The pseudo-damage ratios between the rig response based on residual bus simulation and the actual vehicle road test all fall within the range of 80% to 120%, and the amplitude ratios range from 90% to 110%, indicating that the iteration accuracy meets the test requirements.

Key words: vehicle structural durability; virtual-physical combined testing; elastomer modeling; steer-by-wire chassis; residual bus simulation

摘要： 由于项目周期压缩以及线控底盘的快速开发与应用，对仿真精度和试验质量提出了更 高要求。文章梳理了整车结构耐久虚实结合试验的技术路线，提出了基于试验数据辨识的高 精度弹性体建模方法，设计了轴耦合台架的静动态试验工况，并据此完成了悬架动力学模型的 校验。最后，梳理了线控底盘带功能测试的技术方案，验证了基于残余总线仿真的整车结构 耐久试验技术的可行性。结果表明，衬套本构模型低频拟合精度为 98%，动刚度拟合精度为 93.7%。减震器本构-神经网络联合模型仿真精度最高，误差小于 6.51%；通过静态运动学与 柔顺性（K&C）优化后悬架模型仿真与台架实测结果误差小于 10%。基于残余总线仿真的台 架响应与实车路试伪损伤比均介于 80%～120%之间，幅值比介于 90%～110%之间，迭代精 度满足试验要求。

关键词: 整车结构耐久；虚实结合试验；弹性体建模；线控底盘；残余总线仿真