Abstract: To accurately evaluate the crash safety performance of automotive interior components under low-energy impact conditions, this paper proposes a low-energy impact test method based on a drop hammer impact testing machine. The method employs a mass-adjustable drop hammer to achieve low-energy impacts ranging from 10–100 J by adjusting the drop height, combined with a high sampling frequency data acquisition system (10 000 Hz) to record acceleration, velocity, and other data in real time. Based on the principle of energy conservation, an energy loss quantification model accounting for various resistance factors is constructed. Through reverse calculation and compensation of the drop height, precise control of impact energy within the 10–100 J range is achieved. Longitudinal dynamic impact tests are conducted on a vehicle steering wheel, with results showing that at drop heights of 0.5 m and 1.0 m, the maximum intrusion displacements are 60.0 mm and 92.3 mm, the maximum impact forces are 0.8 kN and 1.0 kN, and the maximum energy absorption values are 0.03 kJ and 0.07 kJ, respectively, demonstrating the reliability of the test setup. The proposed method is simple to operate, cost-effective, suitable for safety testing of automotive interior components under low-energy impacts, and provides a reference for the development of relevant standards.

Key words: automotive interior; components; impact test; drop hammer; low-energy test

摘要： 为精确评估汽车内饰零部件在小能量冲击工况下的碰撞安全性能，文章提出一种基于 落锤式冲击试验机的小能量碰撞冲击试验方法。该方法采用质量可调的落锤，通过调节下落 高度实现 10－100 J 范围内的小能量冲击，并结合高采样频率数据采集系统（10 000 Hz）实 时记录加速度、速度等数据。基于能量守恒原理，构建了涉及多种阻力因素的能量损失量化 模型，通过对下落高度的反算补偿，实现了对 10－100 J 范围内冲击能量的精确控制。以某车 型方向盘为对象开展纵向动态冲击试验，结果表明，在 0.5 m 与 1.0 m 的下落高度下，最大侵 入量分别为 60.0 mm 与 92.3 mm，最大碰撞力分别为 0.8 kN 与 1.0 kN，最大吸收能量分别为 0.03 kJ 与 0.07 kJ，试验装置可靠。文章所提出的方法操作简易、成本低，适用于汽车内饰件 在小能量冲击下的安全性测试，并为相关标准制定提供了参考。

关键词: 汽车内饰；零部件；碰撞冲击；落锤；小能量测试