Abstract: Special vehicles impose significantly higher requirements for seismic resistance than ordinary vehicles due to their special structures and harsh operating conditions. Current traditional testing methods cannot meet the seismic assessment needs of special vehicles under extreme temperature differences, complex road conditions and high-acceleration impact scenarios. This experiment adopts high-precision vibration testing technology (with a test frequency range of 1～ 1 000 Hz and a spectral resolution of 1 024 lines), combines amplitude spectrum curve analysis and simultaneous frequency sampling methods, accurately locates the key seismic resistance points of the EQ2050 special vehicle, and verifies whether its impact-resistant design complies with the equipment design national standard specified in Terms of Reliability, Maintainability and Supportability (GJB 451A－2005). The research focuses on three aspects of work: first, clarifying the key seismic resistance points of special vehicles by combining the automobile production process and field working condition investigation; second, completing the acceleration data collection of special vehicles under multiple working conditions by adopting the optimized sampling and testing scheme after installing shock absorbers; third, establishing a standardized process for seismic resistance testing of special vehicles and forming a generalizable seismic assessment system based on suspension acceleration data under different working conditions. The research results show that the suspension system of the EQ2050 special vehicle meets the requirements of national standards, and the established testing process can effectively improve the detection accuracy of vibration characteristics of special vehicles, providing key technical support for the seismic design verification of military and various special vehicles.

Key words: special vehicle; impact resistance design; acceleration test

摘要： 特种车辆因特殊构造与严苛工况，对抗震性能的要求显著高于普通车辆。当前传统测 试方法，难以适配特种车在极端温差、复杂路况及高加速度冲击场景下的抗震评估需求。该 实验采用高精度振动测试技术（测试频段为 1～1 000 Hz、谱分辨率为 1 024 线），结合幅值谱 曲线分析与同频采样方法，精准定位 EQ2050 型特种车抗震关键点位，验证其抗冲击设计是 否符合《可靠性维修性保障性术语》（GJB 451A－2005）装备设计国标要求。研究重点开展 三方面工作：一是结合汽车生产流程与实地工况考察，明确特种车抗震关键点位；二是装配 减震器后，采用优化后的采样测试方案，完成多工况下特种车加速度数据采集；三是构建特 种车辆抗震测试标准化流程，形成基于不同工况悬架加速度数据的可推广抗震评估体系。研 究结果表明，EQ2050 型特种车悬架系统符合国标要求，且所建立的测试流程可有效提升特种 车辆振动特性检测精度，为军用及各类特种车辆的抗震设计验证提供关键技术支撑。

关键词: 特种车辆；抗冲击设计；加速度测试