Abstract: In this paper, the frontal crash safety performance of a 12 m coach is examined and studied using numerical simulation and experimental approaches. According to the analysis results, the front structure of the original coach is enhanced and constructed, including the collision energy absorber, steering wheel forward flip structure and through support structure. Finally, the improved coach is verified by designing different crash speeds and overall vehicle mass. The results indicated that the improved solution can effectively reduce the deformation of the front structure of the coach, protect the driver's living space from being invaded and reduce the passenger injury value; the passenger damage exceeds the standard at a crash speed of 50 km/h, nevertheless the upgraded structure can meet the crash safety standards for various load states at a crash speed of 30 km/h. The research results have good engineering application value for improving the passive safety of coaches.

Key words: Structural improvement; Frontal crash; Simulation analysis; Coach; Passive safety

摘要： 文章采用数值仿真和实车验证方法，对某 12 m 大客车正面碰撞安全性能进行分析研究。 根据分析结果对原客车前部结构进行改进设计，主要包括碰撞吸能器、方向盘前向翻转结构 及贯通式支撑结构等，并通过设计不同碰撞速度和整车质量，对改进后的车辆进行安全性能 验证。仿真结果表明，改进方案可有效减少客车前部结构的变形量，保障驾驶员生存空间不 被侵入，降低乘客损伤值；在 50 km/h 碰撞速度下，驾驶员空间侵入严重，乘客损伤超过标 准；在 30 km/h 碰撞速度下，改进结构能够满足不同载重状态的碰撞安全要求，研究结果对 客车被动安全性的提高具有较好的工程应用价值。

关键词: 结构改进；正面碰撞；仿真分析；大客车；被动安全