主办：陕西省汽车工程学会
ISSN 1671-7988  CN 61-1394/TH
创刊：1976年
汽车实用技术

汽车实用技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (15): 91-96.DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.015.016

• 工艺·材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材质外饰件附着力 问题改善

李梦瑶 1，宋彦军 1，张利萍 1，孙鸿 2   

  1. 1.陕西德臻零部件科技有限公司；2.陕西重型汽车有限公司
  • 发布日期:2026-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 李梦瑶
  • 作者简介:李梦瑶（1993－），女，助理工程师，研究方向为工艺技术、外饰件涂装

Improvement of adhesion problems of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite exterior trim

LI Mengyao1 , SONG Yanjun1 , ZHANG Liping1 , SUN Hong2   

  1. 1.Shaanxi Dezhen Parts Technology Company Limited; 2.Shaanxi Heavy Duty Automobile Company Limited
  • Published:2026-08-11
  • Contact: LI Mengyao

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摘要： 文章针对某汽车外饰件（玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料）在喷涂后出现的系统性附着力不 合格质量问题进行系统化要因分析与验证。通过设计单因素对比实验，依次排除了底漆类型、 面漆体系及固化工艺为主要原因。研究发现，常规的异丙醇擦拭及喷涂聚丙烯（PP）底涂处 理剂水处理均无法解决该问题，而火焰处理与 400#+600#砂纸双重打磨能显著提升附着力， 表明基材表面存在难以清除的顽固污染物或脱模剂。进一步地，通过将材料玻纤含量从 30% 分别降至 20%与 25%进行验证，发现在常规前处理（正常打磨+异丙醇擦拭）下，附着力合格 率均达到 100%（共测试 6 种颜色，12 件样品）。最终确认，高玻纤含量（30%）导致的基材 表面不均一性与低表面能是附着力失效的根本原因。研究提出并验证了以降低玻纤含量至 20%为最终的解决方案，该方案在保证零件刚性的前提下，实现了稳定的附着力与外观质量， 为同类高填充聚烯烃零件的涂装工艺优化提供了明确的数据支撑与技术指导。

关键词: 玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料；表面张力；玻纤含量；附着力；基材前处理

Abstract: In this paper, the systematic adhesion and unqualified quality problems of an automobile exterior trim (glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite) after spraying are systematically analyzed and verified. Through the design single-factor comparison experiment, the primer type, topcoat system and curing process are excluded as the main reasons. It is found that conventional isopropyl alcohol wiping and polypropylene (PP) primer coating agent treatment could not solve this problem, while flame treatment and 400#+600# sandpaper double grinding could significantly improve the adhesion, indicating that there are stubborn pollutants or release agents on the surface of the substrate. Furthermore, by reducing the glass fiber content of the material from 30% to 20% and 25% respectively, it is found that the adhesion pass rate reached 100% under conventional pre-treatment (normal grinding+isopropyl alcohol wiping) (a total of 6 colors and 12 samples are tested). Finally, it is confirmed that the surface heterogeneity of the substrate caused by the high glass fiber content (30%) and the low surface energy are the root causes of adhesion failure. In this study, the final solution to reduce the glass fiber content to 20% is proposed and verified, which achieves stable adhesion and appearance quality under the premise of ensuring the rigidity of the parts, and provides clear data support and technical guidance for the optimization of the coating process of similar high-fill polyolefin parts.

Key words: glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite; surface tension; glass fiber content; adhesion; substrate pre-treatment