关键词: 行人保护；多目标优化；发动机罩；轻量化

Abstract: To address the conflict between pedestrian head protection and lightweight objectives in automotive hood inner panel design, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization-based selection methodology. Two candidate structures (component A and component B) are designed using DC04 steel and AL5182 aluminum alloy with different thickness parameters (steel: 0.6~0.9 mm; aluminum alloy: 0.8~1.4 mm), forming 16 design schemes. Finite element simulation is utilized to calculate the head injury criterion (HIC) scores and component mass for each scheme. Pareto frontier analysis is applied to screen the non-dominated solution set, identifying 5 Pareto-optimal solutions. Results demonstrate that AL5182 aluminum alloy schemes dominate the optimal solution set, with mass distribution ranging from 2.84~4.41 kg, effectively balancing lightweight and safety performance. Under identical material and thickness configurations, component A typically exhibits superior crashworthiness performance compared to component B. The study reveals the critical influence of material type, structural design, and thickness parameters on the trade-off relationship between lightweight and pedestrian protection performance in hood inner panels, providing practical basis and decision support for multi-objective optimization design of automotive components.

Key words: pedestrian protection; multi-objective optimization; engine hood; light weight