电动汽车火灾安全体系研究综述

doi:10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2025.015.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着电动汽车保有量的迅猛增长，其火灾事故的发生频率与数量亦同步攀升，对电动汽车火灾安全的研究已成为当前亟待攻克的重要课题。针对电动汽车火灾安全领域的现有研究，文章创新性地运用聚类分析方法，构建了“预防管控查”的火灾安全理论体系。从电动汽车正向研发阶段的风险规避，到运行监管过程中的潜在隐患防控，再到火灾发生时的消防应急响应，乃至事故后的调查分析，系统梳理了电动汽车火灾安全防护的研究现状，旨在为该领域的学术探索与工程实践提供科学参考。研究表明，现有安全防护技术存在智能化水平偏低、工程应用价值有限等问题，而基于大数据与人工智能的火灾安全防范技术，将成为未来的核心发展方向。

关键词: 电动汽车；火灾安全；电池安全；火灾溯源

Abstract: With the rapid growth in the number of electric vehicles, the frequency and quantity of fire accidents involving them are also rising simultaneously, making research on electric vehicle fire safety an urgent and critical issue to address. Focusing on existing studies in the field of electric vehicle fire safety, this paper innovatively applies cluster analysis to construct a "prevention-controlinvestigation" theoretical system for fire safety. It systematically reviews the current research status of electric vehicle fire safety protection, ranging from risk avoidance during the forward research and development phase of electric vehicles, prevention and control of potential hazards in operational supervision, emergency firefighting response when a fire occurs, to post-accident investigation and analysis. The purpose is to provide a scientific reference for academic exploration and engineering practice in this field. Studies show that existing safety protection technologies have such problems as low intelligence level and limited engineering application value, while fire safety prevention technologies based on big data and artificial intelligence will become the core development direction in the future.

Key words: electric vehicles; fire safety; battery safety; fire traceability

赵永刚 1,2，马什鹏 1,2. 电动汽车火灾安全体系研究综述[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2025, 50(15): 17-23.

ZHAO Yonggang1,2, MA Shenpeng1,2. A Review of Electric Vehicle Fire Safety System Research[J]. Automobile Applied Technology, 2025, 50(15): 17-23.

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