电动汽车与电网互动模型综述

doi:10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2023.09.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目前，电动汽车发展进入高速成长期。大规模的电动汽车入网和“即插即充”充电行为将引起电网峰谷差增加，电能质量下降等问题。因此，如何在满足日益增长的电动汽车用电需求的同时，又能使得配电网正常运行成了急需解决的问题。合理的电动汽车充放电调度以及电动汽车与电网的友好互动，需要围绕充电站/换电站、电动汽车电池、用户、聚合商等多种参与方的关键模型和优化算法。文章从充电站/换电站布局模型、充电需求预测模型、充放电响应度模型、充放电优化调度模型等方面对电动汽车与电网互动的关键模型进行综述，并提出了聚合商和虚拟电厂两种模式，能有效实现电动汽车可调度资料整合以及电力系统的运行优化，对完成“碳达峰、碳中和”的目标形成支撑。

关键词: 电动汽车；电动汽车入网技术；充放电调度优化算法；聚合商；虚拟电厂

Abstract: At present, the development of electric vehicles has entered a high-speed growth period. The massive penetration of electric vehicles that are typically charged when they are plugged will widen the gap between the peak and valley loads and lead to the degraded power quality. Therefore, how to meet the growing demand of electric vehicles and simultaneously maintain the functionality of the power distribution network becomes a critical challenge. It has been widely recognized that the proper scheduling of charging and discharging events for enabling electric vehicles to grid largely depends on the key models and optimization algorithms for different stakeholders such as a charging station, a battery-switching station, electric vehicles, customers and aggregators. The present paper reviews supporting models for vehicle to grid, such as the planning and location model for a charging/battery-switching station, the prediction model for charging demand, response model, the charging and discharging scheduling optimization algorithm, and aggregator and virtual power plant models. The present paper is expected to effectively promote the integration of dispatchable electric vehicle resources and the optimized dispatch of power systems, thereby supporting the competition of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

Key words: Electric vehicles; Vehicle-to-grid; Charging and discharging scheduling optimization algorithm; Aggregator; Virtual power plant

童国锋. 电动汽车与电网互动模型综述[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2023, 48(9): 205-212.

TONG Guofeng. A Review of Models for Electric Vehicles to Grid[J]. Automobile Applied Technology, 2023, 48(9): 205-212.

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