主办：陕西省汽车工程学会
ISSN 1671-7988  CN 61-1394/TH
创刊：1976年
汽车实用技术

汽车实用技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (19): 74-79.DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.019.010

• 新能源汽车 • 上一篇    

模块化电动汽车滑板底盘结构优化与分析

李宇锋，章德平*   

  1. 武汉轻工大学 机械工程学院
  • 发布日期:2026-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 章德平
  • 作者简介:李宇锋（1998－），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为新能源汽车传动效率与优化 通信作者：章德平（1981－），男，博士，副教授，研究方向为新能源汽车整车动力匹配及性能优化，微型汽车传动系 统优化设计
  • 基金资助:
    武汉轻工大学校立科研项目“帽型薄壁构件吸能特性的机理研究”（2019y21）

Structural optimization and analysis of a modular electric vehicle skateboard chassis

LI Yufeng, ZHANG Deping*   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University
  • Published:2026-10-08
  • Contact: ZHANG Deping

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摘要： 针对模块化电动汽车滑板底盘在结构安全与轻量化之间的矛盾，建立了包含前悬、后 悬及中央电池舱模块的整车有限元模型，分别进行驱动工况与弯矩工况下的静力学分析及自 由模态分析，检验初始结构的强度与刚度冗余，并采用车架尺寸优化与悬架部件拓扑优化相 结合的分级轻量化策略。结果表明，优化后底盘总质量由 922.5 kg 降至 443.4 kg，减重率达 51.9%；在典型工况下结构最大等效应力满足强度要求，且一阶弯曲模态频率为 48.59 Hz，有 效避开路面激励与电机阶次噪声频段。研究表明，该分级优化方法在满足强度与噪声、振动 与声振粗糙度（NVH）约束的前提下可显著提升材料利用效率，为滑板底盘平台化开发提供 参考。

关键词: 滑板底盘；有限元分析；静力学分析；模态分析

Abstract: To address the conflict between structural safety and lightweight design of a modular electric-vehicle skateboard chassis, a full-vehicle finite-element model incorporating the front suspension, rear suspension and central-battery-compartment modules is established. Static analyses under driving condition and bending-moment condition as well as free modal analysis are carried out to examine the strength and stiffness redundancies of the initial structure. A hierarchical lightweight strategy combining frame dimensional optimization and suspension-component topology optimization is adopted. The results show that the total mass of the optimized chassis decreases from 922.5 kg to 443.4 kg, with a weight-reduction rate of 51.9%. The maximum equivalent stress under typical load cases meets the strength requirement, and the first-order bending modal frequency is 48.59 Hz, which effectively avoids the frequency bands of road excitation and motor-order noise. It is demonstrated that the proposed hierarchical optimization method can remarkably improve material-utilization efficiency under the constraints of strength and noise, vibration, harshness (NVH) performance, providing a reference for the platform-oriented development of skateboard chassis.

Key words: skateboard chassis; finite element analysis; static analysis; modal analysis