汽车碰撞事故中颅脑损伤非线性有限元
建模与验证

doi:10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2026.001.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 汽车碰撞事故中颅脑损伤（TBI）的精确预测是车辆安全设计与损伤生物力学研究的关键。现有头部有限元模型（FEHM）因脑组织本构关系简化导致预测精度不足，制约了其在汽车安全开发中的应用。文章基于Nahum 经典尸体实验数据，构建了改进的颅脑碰撞非线性有限元模型，引入 Mooney-Rivlin 超弹性本构表征大脑、小脑及脑组织，并采用自适应网格技术优化模型精度。通过 ABAQUS 仿真再现 9 .94 m/s 额部碰撞工况，在碰撞侧、对侧、上枕及下枕四个典型位置测点的颅内压力峰值与 Nahum 尸体实验数据高度吻合，且峰值出现时间同步性良好。与线性黏弹性模型对比表明，超弹性模型预测精度提升 15%～20%，并有效消除了压力振荡现象。该模型为汽车碰撞安全设计、头部损伤准则优化及虚拟试验验证提供了高生物逼真度的仿真工具，对提升驾乘人员与行人保护具有工程应用价值。

关键词: 汽车碰撞；头部损伤；有限元模型；Mooney-Rivlin 超弹性本构；生物力学

Abstract: Accurate prediction of traumatic brain injury (TBI)in motor vehicle collisions is crucial for vehicle safety design and injury biomechanics research.Existing finite element head models (FEHM)suffer from insufficient predictive accuracy due to simplified constitutive relationships for brain tissue,limiting their application in automotive safety development.This paper develops an improved nonlinear finite element model of head impact based on Nahum's cadaveric experimental data,introducing the Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic constitutive model to characterize the cerebrum, cerebellum,and brainstem,and employs adaptive meshing technology to optimize model accuracy. ABAQUS simulations reproducing a 9 .94 m/s frontal impact condition demonstrate that intracranial pressure peak prediction errors at four representative locations (impact side,contralateral side,upper occipital region,and lower occipital region)are highly consistent with Nahum's cadaveric experimental data,with better peak time synchronization.Comparison with a linear viscoelastic model shows that the hyperelastic model improves predictive accuracy by 15%～20%and effectively eliminates pressure oscillations.This high-biofidelity model provides a valuable simulation tool for automotive crash safety design,head injury criteria optimization,and virtual testing validation,demonstrating significant engineering value for improving occupant and pedestrian protection.

Key words: motor vehicle collision;head injury;finite element model;Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic constitutive model;biomechanics

肖峰 1，金琪 2，李晨曦 1，丁俊杰 1，贾雲然 1. 汽车碰撞事故中颅脑损伤非线性有限元建模与验证[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2026, 51(1): 17-24.

XIAO Feng1 ,JIN Qi2 ,LI Chenxi1 ,DING Junjie 1,JIA Yunran1. Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling and Validation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Motor Vehicle Collisions[J]. Automobile Applied Technology, 2026, 51(1): 17-24.

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